Leviticus 20:13

If a man lies with a man as with a woman, they have both committed an abomination. They must surely be put to death; their blood is upon them.

Study Bible

If a man lies with a man
The phrase "lies with" is derived from the Hebrew word "שָׁכַב" (shakab), which means to lie down or to have sexual relations. This phrase is a direct reference to homosexual acts, which are addressed in the context of the Levitical laws. Historically, these laws were given to the Israelites as part of a covenant with God, setting them apart from surrounding nations. The emphasis here is on the act itself, which is seen as contrary to the natural order established by God in creation.

as with a woman
This comparison underscores the natural order of sexual relations as intended between a man and a woman. The phrase highlights the deviation from this order when a man engages in sexual relations with another man. In the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, maintaining the sanctity of marriage and procreation was paramount, reflecting God's design for human relationships.

they have both committed an abomination
The term "abomination" is translated from the Hebrew word "תּוֹעֵבָה" (to'evah), which signifies something detestable or loathsome. In the biblical context, an abomination is an act that is morally and ritually offensive to God. This strong language indicates the severity with which such acts were viewed within the covenant community, emphasizing the holiness and purity expected of God's people.

They must surely be put to death
The prescribed punishment reflects the gravity of the offense in the theocratic society of ancient Israel. The death penalty was a means of purging evil from the community and maintaining the holiness of the nation. It is important to understand this within the context of the Old Testament legal system, which was both civil and religious, aiming to uphold the covenant relationship with God.

their blood is upon them
This phrase indicates personal responsibility for the sin committed. The concept of "blood" in this context symbolizes life and guilt. By stating that "their blood is upon them," the text emphasizes that the individuals bear the consequences of their actions. This reflects the biblical principle of individual accountability before God, a theme that runs throughout Scripture.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God to instruct the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, to whom the laws in Leviticus were given as part of their covenant relationship with Him.

3. Canaan
The land where the Israelites were headed, which was inhabited by people whose practices God deemed abominable.

4. God
The divine lawgiver who establishes moral and ceremonial laws for His people.

5. Levitical Law
A set of laws given to the Israelites, covering moral, ceremonial, and civil aspects of life.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Context
Recognize that Leviticus was written in a specific historical and cultural context, where God was establishing a distinct identity for His people.

Holiness and Distinction
The laws in Leviticus, including this one, emphasize the call to holiness and separation from the practices of surrounding nations.

Moral Law and Its Continuity
While some Levitical laws are ceremonial and specific to Israel, the moral laws reflect God's unchanging character and are reiterated in the New Testament.

Compassion and Truth
Approach discussions on this topic with both compassion and adherence to biblical truth, recognizing the dignity of every person while upholding scriptural standards.

Redemption and Transformation
Emphasize the power of the Gospel to transform lives, offering hope and redemption to all who turn to Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the historical and cultural context of Leviticus help us interpret its laws today?

2. In what ways does the call to holiness in Leviticus 20:13 apply to Christians living in a modern context?

3. How do the New Testament passages reinforce or expand upon the teachings found in Leviticus 20:13?

4. What are some practical ways Christians can uphold biblical truth while showing love and compassion to those who may disagree?

5. How can the church effectively communicate the message of redemption and transformation in Christ to those struggling with issues related to this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 19
The account of Sodom and Gomorrah, which highlights the gravity of sexual immorality and its consequences.

Romans 1
Paul discusses the consequences of turning away from God, including engaging in same-sex relations, which he describes as contrary to nature.

1 Corinthians 6
Paul lists behaviors that are unrighteous, including same-sex relations, and emphasizes the transformative power of Christ.

1 Timothy 1
Paul reiterates the law's purpose in identifying sin, including same-sex relations, as contrary to sound doctrine.

Jude 1
References the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of the consequences of sexual immorality.