Then the LORD
The phrase "Then the LORD" introduces the divine origin of the instructions that follow. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, often rendered as Yahweh. This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. The use of "LORD" underscores the authority and holiness of the commands that are about to be given. It reminds us that the laws in Leviticus are not merely human constructs but divine mandates from the Creator Himself.

called to Moses
The Hebrew verb for "called" is "qara," which implies a summoning or invitation. This calling is not just a casual conversation but a divine appointment. Moses, as the mediator between God and Israel, is being summoned to receive instructions that will guide the Israelites in their worship and daily living. This highlights the unique role of Moses as a prophet and leader, chosen by God to communicate His will to the people. It also reflects the personal nature of God's communication with His chosen servants.

and spoke to him
The act of speaking indicates a direct and clear communication from God to Moses. The Hebrew word "dabar" is used here, which means to speak or declare. This emphasizes the clarity and authority of God's message. It is a reminder that God is not distant or silent but actively involved in guiding His people. The spoken word of God is powerful and transformative, providing direction and purpose.

from the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting," also known as the Tabernacle, was the sacred space where God dwelled among His people. It was a portable sanctuary that accompanied the Israelites during their wilderness journey. The Tent of Meeting symbolizes God's desire to be present with His people and to establish a relationship with them. It serves as a precursor to the Temple in Jerusalem and ultimately points to the incarnation of Christ, where God dwells among humanity. The location of this communication underscores the holiness and reverence required in approaching God.

saying
The word "saying" introduces the specific instructions that God is about to give. It indicates that what follows is a direct quotation from God, carrying His authority and requiring obedience. This sets the stage for the detailed laws and regulations that will be outlined in the book of Leviticus. It serves as a reminder that God's words are not to be taken lightly but are to be received with reverence and a willingness to obey.

Speak to the Israelites
This phrase establishes the audience for the instructions that follow. The Israelites, descendants of Jacob, are God's chosen people, set apart to be a holy nation. The Hebrew word for "speak" is "דַּבֵּר" (daber), which implies a direct and authoritative communication. This is not merely a suggestion but a divine command. Historically, the Israelites were a nomadic people at this time, having recently been delivered from slavery in Egypt. This context underscores the importance of establishing a covenantal relationship with God through obedience and worship.

and tell them
The phrase "tell them" reinforces the role of Moses as a mediator between God and His people. The Hebrew word "אָמַר" (amar) is used here, which often conveys the idea of declaring or proclaiming. This is a continuation of the divine communication process, emphasizing the importance of clarity and precision in conveying God's instructions. Moses' role as a prophet and leader is crucial, as he is responsible for ensuring that the Israelites understand and adhere to God's laws.

When any of you
This phrase introduces the inclusivity of the instructions that follow. The Hebrew word "אָדָם" (adam) is used here, which can mean "man" or "person," indicating that the instructions are applicable to every individual within the community. This universality highlights the personal responsibility each Israelite has in maintaining their relationship with God. It also reflects the communal aspect of worship, where each person's actions contribute to the spiritual health of the entire nation.

brings an offering
The concept of bringing an offering is central to the sacrificial system established in Leviticus. The Hebrew word "קָרְבָּן" (korban) is used, which means "that which is brought near." This signifies the purpose of offerings: to draw near to God. Offerings were a tangible expression of worship, repentance, and thanksgiving. Archaeological evidence from ancient Near Eastern cultures shows that sacrificial systems were common, but the Israelite system was unique in its focus on holiness and covenant relationship with Yahweh.

to the LORD
This phrase identifies the recipient of the offering, the LORD, or "יְהוָה" (YHWH) in Hebrew. This is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His special relationship with Israel. The use of this name underscores the personal and covenantal aspects of the offerings. Unlike pagan sacrifices, which were often made to appease capricious deities, offerings to the LORD were acts of worship and obedience to a holy and loving God.

you are to bring your offering of livestock
The specification of livestock as the offering highlights the agricultural context of the Israelites. Livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, were valuable assets, representing wealth and sustenance. The Hebrew word "בְּהֵמָה" (behemah) is used for livestock, indicating domesticated animals. This requirement underscores the principle of sacrifice, where the offerer gives something of value to God. It also foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.

from the herd or the flock
This phrase specifies the types of animals acceptable for offerings, either from the herd (cattle) or the flock (sheep or goats). The Hebrew words "בָּקָר" (baqar) for herd and "צֹאן" (tso'n) for flock are used. This distinction ensures that the offerings are of a certain quality and type, suitable for the various sacrifices outlined in Leviticus. The careful regulation of offerings reflects God's desire for order and holiness in worship. It also points to the need for intentionality and reverence in approaching God, a principle that remains relevant for believers today.

If his offering
The Hebrew word for "offering" is "קָרְבָּן" (korban), which signifies something brought near or presented. This term underscores the act of drawing near to God, a central theme in Levitical worship. The offering is not merely a ritualistic act but a profound expression of devotion and desire for communion with the Divine.

is a burnt offering
The Hebrew term "עֹלָה" (olah) means "that which goes up," referring to the smoke ascending to God. The burnt offering is wholly consumed by fire, symbolizing total surrender and dedication to God. It represents the worshiper's complete submission and the desire for purification and atonement.

from the herd
This phrase indicates that the offering should come from domesticated animals, specifically cattle. The choice of a herd animal reflects the value and significance of the sacrifice, as these animals were vital to the livelihood of the Israelites. It emphasizes the costliness and sincerity of the worshiper's devotion.

he is to offer an unblemished male
The requirement for an "unblemished" (תָּמִים, tamim) male animal signifies perfection and purity. In the sacrificial system, only the best was deemed worthy for God, prefiguring the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who was without blemish or sin. This requirement points to the holiness and perfection that God demands.

He must present it
The act of presenting the offering is a deliberate and conscious act of worship. It involves the worshiper's active participation and personal involvement in the sacrificial process, highlighting the relational aspect of worship and the intentionality behind approaching God.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The "Tent of Meeting" (אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, ohel moed) was the designated place where God met with His people. Presenting the offering at the entrance signifies the threshold of divine-human interaction, where the sacred and the secular converge. It underscores the accessibility of God to His people through prescribed means.

that he may be accepted
The Hebrew word "רָצוֹן" (ratzon) conveys the idea of favor or acceptance. The purpose of the offering is to find favor in the eyes of the LORD, indicating that the sacrificial act is not merely about ritual compliance but about seeking a favorable relationship with God.

by the LORD
The use of "LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) emphasizes the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. It is a reminder of God's personal name, signifying His eternal presence and faithfulness. The acceptance of the offering by Yahweh assures the worshiper of divine grace and favor, reinforcing the covenantal bond.

He shall lay his hand
The Hebrew phrase here is "וְסָמַךְ יָדוֹ" (vesamach yado), which literally means "and he shall lean his hand." This act of laying one's hand on the offering is deeply symbolic, representing the transfer of the individual's identity and sin onto the animal. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, this gesture was a common practice in sacrificial rituals, signifying ownership, identification, and substitution. The laying on of hands is a profound act of faith, acknowledging one's need for atonement and the belief that God provides a means for reconciliation.

on the head of the burnt offering
The "head" (רֹאשׁ, rosh) of the burnt offering is significant because it represents the entirety of the animal. The burnt offering, or "olah" (עֹלָה), is a sacrifice that is wholly consumed by fire, symbolizing complete surrender to God. The head, being the most prominent part, signifies the totality of the offering. This act of laying hands on the head underscores the comprehensive nature of the atonement being sought, as the offerer identifies fully with the sacrifice.

so that it may be accepted on his behalf
The phrase "accepted on his behalf" (לִרְצֹנוֹ, lirtzono) indicates that the offering is meant to be pleasing to God, aligning with His will. The acceptance of the sacrifice is not based on the merit of the offerer but on the grace of God, who provides a means for reconciliation. This acceptance is a foreshadowing of the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who is the perfect and final offering, accepted by God on behalf of all who believe.

to make atonement for him
The Hebrew word for "atonement" is "כִּפֶּר" (kipper), which means to cover or to make reconciliation. In the context of Leviticus, atonement involves the covering of sin, allowing the individual to be in right standing with God. This concept is central to the sacrificial system and points forward to the atoning work of Jesus Christ, who covers our sins with His righteousness. The sacrificial system in Leviticus is a shadow of the greater reality fulfilled in Christ, who makes atonement once and for all.

And he shall slaughter
The Hebrew word for "slaughter" is "שָׁחַט" (shachat), which means to kill or butcher, often in a sacrificial context. This act of slaughtering is a solemn and sacred duty, signifying the seriousness of sin and the need for atonement. It reflects the gravity of approaching a holy God, emphasizing that sin requires a life to be given. The act is not merely a ritual but a profound acknowledgment of the cost of reconciliation with God.

the bull
The bull, or "פָּר" (par) in Hebrew, was a valuable and significant offering, often representing strength and wealth. In the context of Levitical sacrifices, the bull was typically used for burnt offerings, symbolizing complete surrender and dedication to God. The choice of a bull underscores the importance of the offering, as it was a costly sacrifice, demonstrating the offerer's devotion and repentance.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates the presence of God, "יְהוָה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God. This highlights the personal nature of the sacrifice, as it is not merely a ritualistic act but a direct offering to God Himself. It serves as a reminder of God's holiness and the privilege of being able to approach Him through the prescribed means.

and Aaron’s sons the priests
Aaron's sons, the priests, were set apart for the service of God, acting as mediators between God and the people. Their role in the sacrificial system was crucial, as they ensured that the offerings were made according to God's instructions. This priestly function points to the necessity of mediation in the relationship between God and humanity, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, our High Priest.

shall present the blood
The presentation of the blood, "דָּם" (dam) in Hebrew, is central to the sacrificial system. Blood represents life (Leviticus 17:11) and is the means by which atonement is made. The act of presenting the blood signifies the offering of life to God, acknowledging that sin results in death and that life must be given to atone for it.

and sprinkle it on all sides of the altar
The sprinkling of blood on the altar, "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), symbolizes purification and consecration. The altar, being the place of sacrifice, is sanctified by the blood, making it acceptable for the offering. This act of sprinkling signifies the cleansing power of the blood, foreshadowing the ultimate cleansing through the blood of Christ.

at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting
The Tent of Meeting, "אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד" (ohel moed), was the designated place where God met with His people. The entrance signifies the threshold between the common and the holy, where the divine presence dwells. Offering the sacrifice at this location underscores the accessibility of God through the prescribed means, pointing to the future access believers have through Christ, who is the way to the Father.

Next
The word "next" indicates a sequence of actions in the sacrificial ritual. This sequence is crucial as it reflects the orderliness and precision required in worship. In the Hebrew context, the sacrificial system was a divinely ordained process, emphasizing that approaching God requires adherence to His instructions. This orderliness can inspire believers today to approach God with reverence and respect, understanding that He is a God of order and not chaos.

he is to skin
The act of skinning the burnt offering was a task assigned to the priest. The Hebrew root for "skin" is "פָּשַׁט" (pashat), which means to strip or remove. This act symbolizes the removal of the outer layer, representing the stripping away of sin and impurity. In a spiritual sense, it reminds Christians of the need for inner purity and the removal of the old self, as Paul writes in Ephesians 4:22-24 about putting off the old self and putting on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness.

the burnt offering
The burnt offering, or "עֹלָה" (olah) in Hebrew, was a sacrifice that was completely consumed by fire on the altar. It signifies total dedication and surrender to God. Historically, the burnt offering was a common form of sacrifice in ancient Near Eastern cultures, but in Israel, it held a unique significance as a means of atonement and worship. For Christians, it foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself completely for the atonement of humanity's sins.

and cut it into pieces
The phrase "cut it into pieces" involves the careful division of the animal into parts. This meticulous process reflects the seriousness and solemnity of the sacrificial act. The Hebrew root "נָתַח" (natach) means to divide or cut. This action can be seen as a metaphor for the examination and offering of every part of one's life to God. It calls believers to present themselves wholly to God, as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to Him, as Paul exhorts in Romans 12:1.

The sons of Aaron the priest
This phrase identifies the specific group responsible for the sacrificial duties: the descendants of Aaron, who was the brother of Moses and the first high priest of Israel. The Hebrew word for "sons" is "בְּנֵי" (benei), which can mean literal sons or descendants. Aaron's lineage was chosen by God to serve as priests, a role that carried significant spiritual responsibility and authority. This highlights the importance of a divinely appointed priesthood in maintaining the covenant relationship between God and Israel. The priesthood was not just a familial duty but a sacred calling, emphasizing the need for holiness and dedication in service to God.

shall put fire on the altar
The act of putting fire on the altar is central to the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "fire" is "אֵשׁ" (esh), which symbolizes God's presence, purity, and judgment. Fire was a divine element, often associated with God's holiness and the consuming nature of His presence. The altar, "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), was the place where sacrifices were offered, representing a meeting point between God and man. The fire on the altar was to be kept burning continually, as instructed in Leviticus 6:13, symbolizing the perpetual worship and devotion required of God's people. This ongoing fire signifies the constant need for atonement and the unending nature of God's covenant with Israel.

and arrange wood on the fire
The Hebrew word for "arrange" is "עָרַךְ" (arak), meaning to set in order or prepare. This indicates that the priests were to carefully and thoughtfully prepare the altar for sacrifice. The wood, "עֵצִים" (etzim), was the fuel for the fire, necessary for the burning of the offerings. The act of arranging wood signifies preparation and intentionality in worship. It reflects the need for order and diligence in approaching God, reminding believers of the importance of preparing their hearts and lives for worship. The wood also symbolizes the human effort and participation required in the sacrificial process, pointing to the cooperation between divine provision and human response in the covenant relationship.

Then Aaron’s sons the priests
This phrase highlights the role of Aaron's sons, who were designated as priests. In the Hebrew context, the priesthood was a hereditary office, passed down through Aaron's lineage. The Hebrew word for "priests" is "kohanim," which signifies those who are set apart for sacred duties. This lineage underscores the importance of family and tradition in the service of God, reflecting the continuity of faith and the responsibility of spiritual leadership.

shall arrange the pieces
The act of arranging the pieces of the sacrifice is a meticulous task, symbolizing order and intentionality in worship. The Hebrew root "arak" means to set in order or arrange, indicating that worship is not haphazard but requires careful preparation and reverence. This reflects the broader biblical principle that God is a God of order, and our worship should reflect His nature.

including the head and fat
The inclusion of the head and fat in the sacrificial offering is significant. The head represents leadership and authority, while the fat, often considered the best part, symbolizes abundance and richness. In the sacrificial system, offering the best parts to God signifies giving Him the highest honor and acknowledging His sovereignty over all aspects of life. This act of giving the best to God is a call for believers to prioritize God in their lives, offering Him the first fruits of their labor and devotion.

on the wood that is on the fire
The wood and fire are essential elements of the sacrificial process. Wood, in the Hebrew context, often symbolizes humanity and the earth, while fire represents God's presence and purification. The combination of these elements in the sacrificial ritual signifies the meeting of the divine and the human, where God purifies and accepts the offering. This imagery points to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who bridged the gap between God and humanity through His atoning death.

on the altar
The altar is a central place of worship and sacrifice in the Hebrew tradition. It is where offerings are made to God, symbolizing communion and covenant. The Hebrew word for altar, "mizbeach," comes from a root meaning "to slaughter," emphasizing the sacrificial nature of worship. The altar represents a place of encounter with God, where sins are atoned for, and fellowship is restored. For Christians, this foreshadows the cross, the ultimate altar where Christ's sacrifice reconciles humanity to God.

The entrails and legs
In the Hebrew text, the word for "entrails" is "קֶרֶב" (qereb), which refers to the inner parts or the inward parts of the animal. The "legs" are referred to as "כְּרָעַיִם" (kera'im), indicating the lower parts of the animal. The washing of these parts symbolizes purification and the removal of impurities, reflecting the need for holiness and cleanliness before God. This act of washing signifies the believer's need for spiritual cleansing and sanctification, emphasizing the importance of approaching God with a pure heart.

must be washed with water
The Hebrew word for "washed" is "רָחַץ" (rachatz), which means to wash or bathe. Water is a symbol of purification and cleansing throughout Scripture. In the context of the sacrificial system, washing with water represents the removal of defilement and the preparation of the offering to be acceptable to God. This act prefigures the cleansing power of Christ's sacrifice, which washes away the sins of believers, making them acceptable before God.

and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar
The Hebrew word for "burn" is "קָטַר" (qatar), which means to burn incense or to offer up in smoke. The priest, acting as a mediator between God and man, performs this act of burning the entire offering on the altar. The altar, a sacred place of sacrifice, represents the meeting point between the divine and the human. This complete consumption of the offering signifies total dedication and surrender to God, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who offered Himself wholly for the redemption of humanity.

as a burnt offering
The term "burnt offering" is translated from the Hebrew "עֹלָה" (olah), which means "that which goes up" or "ascent." This offering is entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing the complete devotion and consecration of the worshiper to God. The burnt offering is a voluntary act of worship, expressing atonement for sin and a desire to renew one's relationship with the Lord. It foreshadows Christ's complete and perfect sacrifice, which ascends to God as an offering for the sins of the world.

a fire offering
The phrase "fire offering" comes from the Hebrew "אִשֶּׁה" (isheh), meaning a sacrificial offering made by fire. Fire in the Bible often represents God's presence, holiness, and judgment. The fire offering signifies the consuming nature of God's holiness, which purifies and sanctifies. It also points to the divine acceptance of the sacrifice, as the smoke rises to heaven, symbolizing the offering's ascent to God.

of a pleasing aroma to the LORD
The Hebrew phrase "רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ" (reyach nichoach) translates to "a soothing aroma" or "a pleasing fragrance." This expression indicates God's acceptance and satisfaction with the offering. The pleasing aroma symbolizes the worshiper's sincere devotion and the reconciliation between God and man. In the New Testament, Christ's sacrifice is described as a "fragrant offering" to God (Ephesians 5:2), highlighting the ultimate fulfillment of the sacrificial system in Jesus, whose life and death were wholly pleasing to the Father.

If, however, one’s offering
The phrase "If, however, one’s offering" introduces a conditional aspect to the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "offering" is "קָרְבָּן" (korban), which means something brought near or presented. This reflects the purpose of offerings in the Old Testament: to draw near to God. The conditional "if" suggests that offerings are voluntary acts of worship, not merely obligatory rituals. This voluntary nature underscores the heart's intent in worship, emphasizing sincerity and devotion.

is a burnt offering
The term "burnt offering" is translated from the Hebrew word "עֹלָה" (olah), which means "that which ascends." This offering was entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing complete surrender and dedication to God. Historically, burnt offerings were among the oldest forms of sacrifice, signifying total commitment and the desire for atonement. The complete consumption by fire represents the worshiper's wish to be wholly devoted to God.

from the flock—from the sheep or goats—
The specification "from the flock—from the sheep or goats—" indicates the acceptable animals for this type of offering. Sheep and goats were common livestock in ancient Israel, making them accessible to the average worshiper. The Hebrew words for sheep ("כֶּבֶשׂ" - keves) and goats ("עֵז" - ez) highlight the domesticated nature of these animals, symbolizing the personal and communal aspects of the offering. This choice reflects the pastoral lifestyle of the Israelites and their reliance on these animals for sustenance and religious practice.

he is to present
The phrase "he is to present" involves the act of bringing the offering before God. The Hebrew verb "קָרַב" (qarab) means to approach or bring near, emphasizing the relational aspect of the sacrifice. This act of presentation is a physical demonstration of the worshiper's desire to draw near to God, acknowledging His holiness and the need for reconciliation.

an unblemished male
The requirement of "an unblemished male" underscores the importance of offering the best to God. The Hebrew word for "unblemished" is "תָּמִים" (tamim), meaning complete or perfect. This requirement signifies purity and the absence of defect, symbolizing moral and spiritual integrity. The specification of a "male" reflects the cultural and religious significance of male animals in sacrificial practices, often seen as more valuable. This requirement points to the future perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God, who was without blemish or defect, fulfilling the ultimate atonement for sin.

He is to slaughter it
The Hebrew word for "slaughter" is "שָׁחַט" (shachat), which means to kill or butcher. This act of slaughtering was a sacred duty, symbolizing the offerer's acknowledgment of sin and the need for atonement. The act was not merely a ritualistic killing but a deeply spiritual act of obedience and submission to God's commands. It reflects the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a blood sacrifice for atonement, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ.

on the north side of the altar
The specification of the "north side" is significant in the Hebrew context. The north side of the altar was considered a place of special significance, possibly due to its association with the direction from which divine judgment was believed to come. This detail underscores the order and precision in God's instructions, emphasizing that worship and sacrifice are to be conducted according to His divine order, not human preference.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" (לִפְנֵי יְהוָה, lifnei YHWH) indicates that the act of sacrifice was performed in the presence of God. This highlights the personal nature of the offering, as it was not just a ritual but an act of worship and reverence directed towards God Himself. It reminds believers that all acts of worship are to be done with the awareness of God's holy presence.

and Aaron’s sons the priests
The mention of "Aaron’s sons the priests" signifies the established priesthood's role in the sacrificial system. The priests acted as mediators between God and the people, a role that prefigures the ultimate mediation of Jesus Christ. This priestly function underscores the necessity of a divinely appointed mediator in the process of atonement and reconciliation with God.

are to sprinkle its blood
The act of sprinkling blood, "זָרַק" (zarak) in Hebrew, was a critical component of the sacrificial ritual. Blood, representing life, was a powerful symbol of purification and atonement. The sprinkling of blood signified the cleansing of sin and the restoration of the covenant relationship between God and His people. This act points forward to the New Testament understanding of Christ's blood as the means of eternal redemption.

against the altar on all sides
The altar, "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), was the central place of sacrifice and worship. Sprinkling blood "on all sides" of the altar signifies the comprehensive nature of atonement, covering all aspects of sin. This thorough application of blood symbolizes the complete and sufficient atonement provided by Christ's sacrifice, which covers all sin for those who believe. The altar, as a place of divine-human interaction, reminds believers of the centrality of sacrifice in their relationship with God.

He is to cut it into pieces
This phrase refers to the specific instructions given to the offerer of the burnt offering. The Hebrew root for "cut" is "נָתַח" (natach), which implies a precise and deliberate action. This act of cutting the offering into pieces symbolizes the offerer's complete surrender and dedication to God. It reflects the idea that worship requires intentionality and a willingness to give all parts of oneself to the Lord. Historically, this practice was a common ritual in ancient Near Eastern cultures, signifying the seriousness and sacredness of the offering.

and the priest shall arrange them
The role of the priest is crucial in the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for "arrange" is "עָרַךְ" (arak), meaning to set in order or prepare. This indicates the priest's responsibility to ensure that the offering is presented correctly before God. The priest acts as a mediator between God and man, highlighting the need for order and reverence in worship. This arrangement signifies the importance of approaching God in the manner He prescribes, pointing to the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who perfectly mediates on our behalf.

including the head and fat
The inclusion of the head and fat in the offering is significant. The head represents leadership and authority, while the fat, often considered the best part, symbolizes abundance and richness. In Hebrew, "fat" is "חֵלֶב" (cheleb), which denotes the choicest part. Offering these parts signifies giving God the best and acknowledging His sovereignty over all aspects of life. This act of offering the best to God is a reminder of the call to honor Him with our firstfruits and to recognize His provision and lordship.

on the wood that is on the fire on the altar
The altar, made of wood and overlaid with bronze, was central to the sacrificial system. The fire on the altar, which was to be kept burning continually, represents God's presence and the perpetual nature of worship. The Hebrew word for "altar" is "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), meaning a place of sacrifice. The wood signifies the human element in worship, as it is consumed by the divine fire. This imagery foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ on the cross, where He offered Himself once for all. The continuous fire symbolizes the ongoing need for atonement and the eternal nature of Christ's redemptive work.

The entrails and legs
In the Hebrew text, the word for "entrails" is "קֶרֶב" (qereb), which refers to the inner parts or the innermost being. The "legs" are referred to as "כְּרָעַיִם" (kera'ayim), indicating the lower limbs. The washing of these parts symbolizes purification and the removal of impurities, reflecting the need for holiness and cleanliness before God. This act signifies the thoroughness required in worship and the dedication of the whole being to God.

must be washed with water
The Hebrew word for "washed" is "רָחַץ" (rachats), which means to cleanse or bathe. Water is a symbol of purification throughout Scripture, representing spiritual cleansing and renewal. This act of washing signifies the necessity of purity in approaching God, emphasizing that worship must be conducted with a clean heart and spirit.

and the priest shall bring all of it
The role of the priest, "כֹּהֵן" (kohen), is central in the sacrificial system. The priest acts as a mediator between God and the people, bringing the offering to the altar. "All of it" indicates the totality of the sacrifice, symbolizing complete dedication and surrender to God. This reflects the call for believers to offer their whole selves as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God (Romans 12:1).

and burn it on the altar
The Hebrew word for "burn" is "קָטַר" (qatar), which means to offer up in smoke. The altar, "מִזְבֵּחַ" (mizbeach), is the place of sacrifice and symbolizes the meeting point between God and man. The burning of the offering represents the transformation and ascent of the offering to God, signifying the acceptance of the sacrifice and the worshiper's devotion.

It is a burnt offering
The term "burnt offering" is "עֹלָה" (olah) in Hebrew, meaning "that which goes up." This offering is entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing complete consecration to God. It represents the worshiper's desire to be wholly devoted to the Lord, with nothing held back.

a food offering made by fire
The phrase "food offering" is "אִשֶּׁה" (isheh), which can be translated as "offering by fire." This indicates that the offering is a gift to God, consumed by fire as a symbol of divine acceptance. The fire represents God's presence and purifying power, transforming the offering into a pleasing aroma.

a pleasing aroma to the LORD
The Hebrew word for "pleasing" is "נִיחוֹחַ" (nihoach), meaning soothing or satisfying. "Aroma" is "רֵיחַ" (reach), which refers to the scent or fragrance. This phrase signifies that the offering is acceptable and delightful to God, symbolizing the worshiper's sincere devotion and the reconciliation between God and humanity. It reflects the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, whose offering of Himself was a fragrant aroma to God (Ephesians 5:2).

If, instead, he brings a bird
This phrase introduces an alternative to the more common offerings of livestock, such as bulls or sheep. The Hebrew word for "bird" here is "עוף" (oph), which generally refers to flying creatures. This provision highlights God's understanding and accommodation for the economic status of the offerer. Not everyone could afford larger animals, and this allowance ensured that worship was accessible to all, regardless of wealth. It reflects God's inclusivity and desire for all His people to participate in worship.

as a burnt offering
The Hebrew term for "burnt offering" is "עֹלָה" (olah), which means "that which goes up" or "ascent." This offering was entirely consumed by fire, symbolizing the complete surrender and dedication of the worshiper to God. The burnt offering was a voluntary act of worship, expressing devotion, commitment, and atonement for sin. It signifies the worshiper's desire to ascend spiritually and draw closer to God.

to the LORD
The Hebrew name used here is "יהוה" (YHWH), the covenant name of God, often rendered as "LORD" in English translations. This name emphasizes God's eternal, self-existent nature and His personal relationship with His people. The offering is directed to YHWH, underscoring the personal and covenantal aspect of the worship. It is a reminder that the act of sacrifice is not just a ritual but a relational act of devotion to the one true God.

he is to bring a turtledove or a young pigeon
The specific mention of "a turtledove or a young pigeon" (Hebrew: "תֹּר" tor for turtledove and "בֶּן יוֹנָה" ben yonah for young pigeon) indicates the types of birds acceptable for this offering. These birds were more affordable and readily available, making them suitable for those of lesser means. The choice of these birds also reflects their symbolic purity and innocence, fitting for a sacrifice. Historically, turtledoves and pigeons were common in the region, and their use in sacrifices is well-documented in ancient Near Eastern cultures. This provision demonstrates God's compassion and understanding, ensuring that everyone, regardless of their financial situation, could participate in the sacrificial system and maintain a relationship with Him.

Then the priest
The role of the priest in ancient Israel was central to the sacrificial system. The Hebrew word for priest, "kohen," signifies one who is set apart to perform sacred duties. Priests acted as mediators between God and the people, highlighting the necessity of a divinely appointed intermediary in the process of atonement. This foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who mediates the new covenant.

shall bring it to the altar
The altar, or "mizbeach" in Hebrew, was a sacred place where offerings were made to God. It symbolizes the meeting point between the divine and the human, a place of sacrifice and worship. The act of bringing the offering to the altar signifies the worshiper's intent to draw near to God, acknowledging His holiness and their own need for purification.

wring off its head
This phrase describes a specific method of sacrifice for birds, which were often offered by those who could not afford larger animals. The act of wringing off the head was a swift and humane method of killing, ensuring the sacrifice was made with respect and care. It underscores the seriousness of sin and the costliness of atonement, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who gave His life willingly.

and burn it on the altar
Burning the offering on the altar was an act of consecration, transforming the physical into a pleasing aroma to the Lord. The Hebrew word "olah," often translated as "burnt offering," implies that the offering ascends to God. This symbolizes the complete surrender and dedication of the worshiper to God, a theme echoed in Romans 12:1, where believers are urged to offer themselves as living sacrifices.

and its blood shall be drained out
Blood, or "dam" in Hebrew, is a powerful symbol of life and atonement in the Bible. The draining of the blood signifies the life given in place of the sinner, a vivid reminder of the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a substitute. This prefigures the shedding of Christ's blood, which brings about the ultimate atonement for humanity's sins.

on the side of the altar
The specific instruction to drain the blood on the side of the altar emphasizes the order and precision required in worship. It reflects God's holiness and the need for purity in approaching Him. This detail also points to the meticulous fulfillment of the law by Christ, who perfectly accomplished all that was required for our redemption.

Then he is to remove
The Hebrew word for "remove" is "סוּר" (sur), which means to turn aside or take away. This action signifies a deliberate and careful separation, reflecting the priest's role in maintaining the purity and sanctity of the sacrificial process. In a broader spiritual sense, it symbolizes the removal of impurities from our lives, a call to holiness and dedication to God.

the crop with its contents
The "crop" refers to the part of the bird's digestive system, and "its contents" would include any undigested food. The Hebrew term "מֻרְאָתוֹ" (mur'ato) is used here, emphasizing the need to remove anything that might defile the offering. This act represents the necessity of presenting ourselves to God without the baggage of sin or worldly concerns, echoing the call for internal purity and sincerity in worship.

and throw it to the east side of the altar
The east side of the altar was designated for the disposal of certain parts of the sacrifice. The direction "east" holds significant biblical symbolism, often associated with beginnings and the presence of God, as seen in the Garden of Eden and the entrance to the Tabernacle. This act of throwing away signifies a complete separation from sin, casting away what is unworthy before approaching God.

in the place for ashes
The "place for ashes" was a specific area where the remains of the sacrifices were disposed of, symbolizing the finality of the sacrificial process. Ashes in the Bible often represent humility, repentance, and the transient nature of life. By placing the removed parts in this designated area, the priest acknowledges the completion of the purification process, reminding us of the need for continual repentance and renewal in our spiritual journey.

He shall tear it open by its wings
This phrase refers to the specific method of preparing a bird offering, as described in the sacrificial system of ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "tear" is "בָּדַק" (badak), which implies a careful and deliberate action. This act of tearing by the wings symbolizes a complete offering to God, ensuring that the sacrifice is fully exposed and open before Him. Historically, this method of preparation underscores the importance of purity and transparency in worship, reflecting a heart that is open and sincere before God.

without dividing it completely
The instruction to not divide the bird completely signifies the unity and wholeness of the offering. The Hebrew root "בָּדַל" (badal) means to separate or divide, and here it is negated, emphasizing that the offering, though opened, remains intact. This can be seen as a metaphor for the believer's life, which, though examined and laid bare before God, remains whole and undivided in devotion. It highlights the importance of integrity and completeness in one's relationship with God.

Then the priest shall burn it on the altar
The act of burning the offering on the altar is central to the sacrificial ritual. The Hebrew word "קָטַר" (qatar) means to burn or offer up in smoke, symbolizing the transformation of the physical into the spiritual. This burning represents the ascent of the offering to God, a pleasing aroma that signifies acceptance. The altar, a sacred place of meeting between God and man, serves as a reminder of the holiness required in approaching God.

on the burning wood
The burning wood on the altar is significant, as wood was the fuel that sustained the fire of the offering. In the Hebrew context, wood ("עֵץ" - etz) often symbolizes life and sustenance. The continuous burning of wood on the altar signifies the perpetual nature of worship and the ongoing need for atonement and dedication to God. It serves as a reminder of the living sacrifice that believers are called to be, continually offering themselves to God.

It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire
The term "burnt offering" comes from the Hebrew "עֹלָה" (olah), meaning "that which goes up," referring to the smoke rising to God. This offering made by fire ("אִשֶּׁה" - ishsheh) is a complete and total surrender to God, consumed entirely by the flames. It symbolizes the believer's total dedication and consecration to God, a life wholly given over to His service and glory.

a pleasing aroma to the LORD
The phrase "pleasing aroma" is derived from the Hebrew "רֵיחַ נִיחוֹחַ" (reyach nichoach), indicating something that brings satisfaction and delight to God. This concept is deeply rooted in the idea that God is pleased with the sincere and wholehearted worship of His people. The aroma represents the spiritual essence of the offering, transcending the physical act and reaching the heart of God. It serves as a powerful reminder that true worship is not just about ritual, but about the heart's posture before God, seeking to bring Him joy and honor.