Job 20:19

For he has oppressed and forsaken the poor; he has seized houses he did not build.

Study Bible

For he has oppressed
The Hebrew word for "oppressed" is "עָשַׁק" (ashaq), which conveys a sense of defrauding or exploiting others. In the context of Job, this word highlights the moral failing of taking advantage of those who are vulnerable. Historically, oppression was a common sin condemned by the prophets, as it violated the covenantal laws that called for justice and care for the marginalized. This phrase serves as a reminder of God's heart for justice and the protection of the poor, emphasizing that true righteousness involves defending the rights of the oppressed.

and forsaken the poor
The term "forsaken" comes from the Hebrew "עָזַב" (azab), meaning to abandon or leave behind. The "poor" refers to those who are economically disadvantaged and socially marginalized. In ancient Israel, the poor were often left without support or protection, contrary to the Mosaic Law, which commanded care for the needy. This phrase underscores the moral decay of those who neglect their duty to support the less fortunate, highlighting a failure to embody the compassion and mercy that God desires from His people.

he has seized houses
"Seized" is translated from the Hebrew "גָּזַל" (gazal), which means to rob or take by force. This action is a direct violation of the commandment against stealing and reflects a heart of greed and injustice. The reference to "houses" symbolizes not just physical structures but the security and livelihood of individuals and families. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a house was a place of refuge and identity, making its unlawful seizure a grave injustice.

he did not build
The phrase "he did not build" emphasizes the illegitimacy of the acquisition. It reflects a disregard for the labor and effort of others, taking what one has not earned. This highlights a broader biblical principle that God values honest work and integrity. The act of taking what one did not build is a metaphor for living off the efforts of others without contributing, which is condemned throughout Scripture. It serves as a warning against the temptation to gain wealth or status through unrighteous means, reminding believers of the importance of integrity and stewardship.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zophar the Naamathite
One of Job's three friends who comes to comfort him. In this chapter, Zophar is speaking, offering his perspective on the fate of the wicked.

2. Job
The central figure of the book, a man of great faith and patience who endures immense suffering and loss.

3. The Poor
Represents those who are vulnerable and oppressed, often mentioned in the Bible as deserving of justice and care.

4. The Wicked
In this context, those who exploit others for personal gain, particularly through unjust means.

5. Houses
Symbolic of stability and security, which the wicked unjustly seize from others.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Oppression
Oppressing the poor and seizing what is not rightfully yours leads to divine judgment. God sees and will act against injustice.

The Importance of Integrity
Maintaining integrity and fairness in dealings with others is crucial. God values justice and righteousness over wealth gained through exploitation.

God's Advocacy for the Vulnerable
God is a defender of the poor and oppressed. Believers are called to reflect God's heart by advocating for justice and supporting those in need.

The Temporary Nature of Ill-Gotten Gains
Wealth and security obtained through unjust means are fleeting. True security comes from living a life pleasing to God.

Self-Examination and Repentance
Regularly examine your actions and motives. If you find areas where you have acted unjustly, seek God's forgiveness and make amends.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Zophar's description of the wicked in Job 20:19 challenge us to reflect on our own actions towards the vulnerable in society?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our pursuit of success does not lead to the oppression or neglect of others?

3. How do the themes of justice and oppression in Job 20:19 connect with the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament?

4. What practical steps can we take to advocate for the poor and oppressed in our communities, reflecting God's heart for justice?

5. How can we find contentment and security in God rather than in material possessions, especially those gained through unjust means?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 22:22-23
This passage warns against robbing the poor and affirms that the Lord will plead their cause, similar to the consequences Zophar describes for the wicked.

Isaiah 10:1-2
Speaks against those who make unjust laws to deprive the poor of their rights, echoing the theme of oppression found in Job 20:19.

James 5:1-6
Warns the rich who have hoarded wealth and oppressed workers, paralleling the fate of the wicked described by Zophar.