Jeremiah 44:19
"Moreover," said the women, "when we burned incense to the Queen of Heaven and poured out drink offerings to her, was it without our husbands' knowledge that we made sacrificial cakes in her image and poured out drink offerings to her?"
“Moreover,” said the women,

The women openly joined the rebellion against the word of the LORD, speaking for households that had embraced idolatry. Their answer reveals that the worship of false gods had become an established communal practice rather than a private offense.

2Ki 23:7 He also tore down the quarters of the male shrine prostitutes…
Ezk 8:14 Then He brought me to the entrance of the north gate…

“when we burned incense to the Queen of Heaven and poured out drink offerings to her,

The “Queen of Heaven” was a pagan goddess, likely connected with the worship of Ishtar or Astarte. Jerusalem had practiced this idolatry before its fall (Jeremiah 7:18), despite God’s repeated warnings. Incense and drink offerings, which belonged in the worship of the LORD, were profaned by being offered to a false deity.

2Ki 23:5 Josiah also did away with the idolatrous priests…
2Ki 21:3 For he rebuilt the high places that his father…
2Ki 17:16 They abandoned all the commandments of the LORD their God…

was it without our husbands’ knowledge

The husbands knew of and approved these practices. Men and women alike had participated in covenant unfaithfulness, showing that the nation’s judgment did not result from isolated sins but from a widespread rejection of God.

Num 30:6-8 If a woman marries while under a vow or rash promise…
Gen 31:19-35 Now while Laban was out shearing his sheep,…

that we made sacrificial cakes in her image

The cakes were prepared as visible acts of devotion to the goddess, likely bearing her image or symbol. Such worship violated God’s command against idols and images made for religious service (Exodus 20:3–4). The people had exchanged the living God for a deity they could represent, serve, and supposedly control through ritual.

Jer 7:18 The sons gather wood, the fathers light the fire…
2Ki 23:13 The king also desecrated the high places east of Jerusalem…
Ezk 16:19 And you set before them as a pleasing aroma…

and poured out drink offerings to her?”

The women defended their idolatry rather than confessing it. Their question treated their worship as justified because it had family approval, yet human agreement cannot make rebellion acceptable before God. Their continued devotion to the Queen of Heaven exposed hearts unwilling to receive either Jeremiah’s warning or the LORD’s mercy.

Isa 57:6 Your portion is among the smooth stones of the valley;…
Deu 32:38 which ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine…
Isa 65:11 But you who forsake the LORD, who forget My holy mountain,…

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Women of Judah
These women were involved in idol worship, specifically offering sacrifices to the "queen of heaven," a pagan deity.

2. The Queen of Heaven
A title used for a pagan goddess, likely associated with fertility and celestial bodies, worshiped by some Israelites in defiance of God's commandments.

3. Husbands of the Women
The men who were complicit or at least aware of their wives' idolatrous practices, indicating a family-wide departure from worshiping Yahweh.

4. Jeremiah
The prophet who conveyed God's message of judgment against Judah for their idolatry and disobedience.

5. Egypt
The place where the remnant of Judah had fled, seeking refuge but continuing their idolatrous practices, which Jeremiah condemned.
Teaching Points
Idolatry's Deceptive Appeal
Idolatry often promises immediate benefits or security, but it leads to spiritual decay and separation from God.

Family Influence in Spiritual Matters
The complicity of husbands highlights the importance of spiritual leadership and accountability within the family unit.

Cultural Pressures and Faithfulness
The Israelites' adoption of local deities in Egypt underscores the challenge of maintaining faithfulness to God amidst cultural pressures.

Consequences of Disobedience
Persistent disobedience to God's commands results in judgment and loss of His protection and blessings.

Repentance and Restoration
Despite their rebellion, God's desire for His people is always repentance and restoration, as seen throughout the prophetic messages.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the worship of the "queen of heaven" reflect the broader issue of idolatry in our lives today?

2. In what ways can family dynamics influence our spiritual practices, both positively and negatively?

3. How can we guard against cultural influences that lead us away from God's commandments?

4. What are some modern-day "idols" that can distract us from our relationship with God, and how can we address them?

5. Reflect on a time when you experienced the consequences of disobedience to God. How did you find your way back to Him, and what role did repentance play in that process?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Exodus 20:3-5
The commandment against idolatry, which the people of Judah violated by worshiping the queen of heaven.

1 Kings 11:5
Solomon's idolatry, which included worshiping foreign gods, setting a precedent for later generations.

2 Kings 17:16-18
The fall of Israel due to idolatry, serving as a warning to Judah.

Romans 1:21-23
The New Testament reflection on humanity's tendency to exchange the glory of God for images and idols.
The Husband's ResponsibilityS. Conway Jeremiah 44:19
Jeremiah's Last SermonS. Conway Jeremiah 44:1-30
The End of Jeremiah; Or, Going Down in CloudsS. Conway Jeremiah 44:1-30
Supposed and Real Reasons for CalamityD. Young Jeremiah 44:15-19
Credentials of ReligionA.F. Muir Jeremiah 44:15-23
People
Jeremiah, Nebuchadnezzar, Pharaoh, Zedekiah
Places
Babylon, Egypt, Jerusalem, Memphis, Migdol, Pathros, Tahpanhes
Topics
Added, Approval, Bearing, Burned, Burning, Cakes, Draining, Drink, Drink-offerings, Heaven, Heavens, Husbands, Idolize, Image, Incense, Libations, Making, Offer, Offerings, Perfume, Perfumes, Portray, Pour, Poured, Pouring, Queen, Sacrifices, Sacrificial, Sky, Women, Worship
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Jeremiah 44:17-19

     5487   queen
     7350   drink offering

Library
God's Patient Pleadings
'I sent unto you all my servants the prophets, rising early and sending them, saying, Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.'--JER. xliv. 4. The long death-agony of the Jewish kingdom has come to an end. The frivolous levity, which fed itself on illusions and would not be sobered by facts, has been finally crushed out of the wretched people. The dreary succession of incompetent kings--now a puppet set up by Egypt, now another puppet set up by Babylon, has ended with the weak Zedekiah. The
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Man's Misery by the Fall
Q-19: WHAT IS THE MISERY OF THAT ESTATE WHEREINTO MAN FELL? A: All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever. 'And were by nature children of wrath.' Eph 2:2. Adam left an unhappy portion to his posterity, Sin and Misery. Having considered the first of these, original sin, we shall now advert to the misery of that state. In the first, we have seen mankind offending;
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

That Whereas the City of Jerusalem had Been Five Times Taken Formerly, this was the Second Time of Its Desolation. A Brief Account of Its History.
1. And thus was Jerusalem taken, in the second year of the reign of Vespasian, on the eighth day of the month Gorpeius [Elul]. It had been taken five [34] times before, though this was the second time of its desolation; for Shishak, the king of Egypt, and after him Antiochus, and after him Pompey, and after them Sosius and Herod, took the city, but still preserved it; but before all these, the king of Babylon conquered it, and made it desolate, one thousand four hundred and sixty-eight years and
Flavius Josephus—The Wars of the Jews or History of the Destruction of Jerusalem

Man's Inability to Keep the Moral Law
Is any man able perfectly to keep the commandments of God? No mere man, since the fall, is able in this life perfectly to keep the commandments of God, but does daily break them, in thought, word, and deed. In many things we offend all.' James 3: 2. Man in his primitive state of innocence, was endowed with ability to keep the whole moral law. He had rectitude of mind, sanctity of will, and perfection of power. He had the copy of God's law written on his heart; no sooner did God command but he obeyed.
Thomas Watson—The Ten Commandments

The Mercy of God
The next attribute is God's goodness or mercy. Mercy is the result and effect of God's goodness. Psa 33:5. So then this is the next attribute, God's goodness or mercy. The most learned of the heathens thought they gave their god Jupiter two golden characters when they styled him good and great. Both these meet in God, goodness and greatness, majesty and mercy. God is essentially good in himself and relatively good to us. They are both put together in Psa 119:98. Thou art good, and doest good.' This
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Nature of Covenanting.
A covenant is a mutual voluntary compact between two parties on given terms or conditions. It may be made between superiors and inferiors, or between equals. The sentiment that a covenant can be made only between parties respectively independent of one another is inconsistent with the testimony of Scripture. Parties to covenants in a great variety of relative circumstances, are there introduced. There, covenant relations among men are represented as obtaining not merely between nation and nation,
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

Original Sin
Q-16: DID ALL MANKIND FALL IN ADAM'S FIRST TRANSGRESSION? A: The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity, all mankind descending from him, by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him in his first transgression. 'By one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin,' &c. Rom 5:12. Adam being a representative person, while he stood, we stood; when he fell, we fell, We sinned in Adam; so it is in the text, In whom all have sinned.' Adam was the head
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Jeremiah
The interest of the book of Jeremiah is unique. On the one hand, it is our most reliable and elaborate source for the long period of history which it covers; on the other, it presents us with prophecy in its most intensely human phase, manifesting itself through a strangely attractive personality that was subject to like doubts and passions with ourselves. At his call, in 626 B.C., he was young and inexperienced, i. 6, so that he cannot have been born earlier than 650. The political and religious
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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