Exodus 1:16

"When you help the Hebrew women give birth, observe them on the birthstools. If the child is a son, kill him; but if it is a daughter, let her live."

Study Bible

When you help the Hebrew women
This phrase introduces the context of the midwives' role in ancient Egypt. The Hebrew word for "help" is "yalad," which means to bring forth or to deliver. The midwives were tasked with assisting in childbirth, a role of great responsibility and trust. Historically, midwives were crucial in ancient societies, often serving as the primary healthcare providers for women. The term "Hebrew" refers to the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who were living in Egypt at this time. This highlights the ethnic and cultural identity of the Israelites, who were distinct from the Egyptians.

and see them on the birthstool
The "birthstool" is a translation of the Hebrew word "obnayim," which refers to a pair of stones or a stool used during childbirth. This indicates a specific birthing practice in ancient times, where women would sit or squat on a stool to give birth. This method was common in the ancient Near East and is supported by archaeological findings and historical records. The use of a birthstool suggests a level of medical knowledge and practice among the Hebrews and highlights the midwives' expertise.

if it is a son, kill him
This phrase reveals the Pharaoh's cruel and oppressive decree aimed at controlling the Hebrew population. The Hebrew word for "son" is "ben," which signifies a male child. The command to "kill" is from the Hebrew "muth," meaning to put to death. This edict was a direct attack on the future of the Hebrew people, as sons were seen as carriers of the family name and lineage. Historically, this reflects the fear and insecurity of the Egyptian ruler regarding the growing number of Israelites, which he perceived as a threat to his power.

but if it is a daughter, let her live
The word "daughter" in Hebrew is "bat," indicating a female child. The command to "let her live" contrasts sharply with the fate of the male children. This reflects the cultural and societal norms of the time, where females were not seen as a threat in the same way males were. The decision to spare the daughters suggests that the Pharaoh did not view them as a potential challenge to his authority. This part of the verse underscores the gender dynamics and the value placed on male heirs in ancient societies.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt who, fearing the growing population of the Israelites, ordered the Hebrew midwives to kill all newborn Hebrew boys.

2. Hebrew Midwives
Women tasked with assisting Hebrew women during childbirth. They were ordered by Pharaoh to kill male infants.

3. Hebrew Women
The Israelite women living in Egypt, whose children were targeted by Pharaoh's decree.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites were living in bondage and where this decree was issued.

5. Israelites
The descendants of Jacob living in Egypt, who were multiplying and becoming a concern for Pharaoh.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Life
This passage underscores the value of every human life, as the midwives' defiance of Pharaoh's order reflects a commitment to God's higher moral law.

Fear of God Over Man
The midwives' actions demonstrate the importance of fearing God more than human authorities, a principle that is applicable in situations where human laws conflict with divine commands.

God's Sovereignty
Despite human attempts to thwart His plans, God remains in control, ensuring the survival and growth of His people.

Courage in Adversity
The midwives' courage in the face of potential punishment serves as an example for believers to stand firm in their convictions.

Faithfulness in Small Things
The seemingly small act of preserving life had significant implications for the future of Israel, reminding us that our faithfulness in small tasks can have a large impact.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the fear of God influence the decisions we make in our daily lives, especially when faced with difficult choices?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage and faithfulness in our current circumstances, similar to the Hebrew midwives?

3. How does the account of Pharaoh's decree and the midwives' response encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty?

4. What are some modern-day situations where believers might face a conflict between obeying human authorities and God's commands?

5. How can we apply the principle of valuing life, as seen in this passage, to contemporary issues in our society?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12:2-3
God's promise to Abraham about making his descendants a great nation, which is being threatened by Pharaoh's decree.

Exodus 1:12
Despite oppression, the Israelites continued to multiply, showing God's providence and faithfulness.

Matthew 2:16
Herod's massacre of the innocents parallels Pharaoh's decree, highlighting the recurring theme of rulers attempting to thwart God's plans.

Acts 7:19
Stephen's speech recounts this event, emphasizing the oppression faced by the Israelites in Egypt.