The Hebrew midwives play a significant role in the early narrative of the Israelites' sojourn in Egypt, as recorded in the Book of Exodus. Their account is a testament to faith, courage, and the sanctity of life, set against the backdrop of oppression and divine providence.

Biblical Account

The account of the Hebrew midwives is found in Exodus 1:15-21. As the Israelites multiplied and grew exceedingly strong in Egypt, a new Pharaoh, who did not know Joseph, became fearful of their numbers and potential power. In an attempt to curb their growth, Pharaoh commanded the Hebrew midwives, identified by name as Shiphrah and Puah, to kill all newborn Hebrew boys at birth. However, the midwives feared God and did not comply with the king's edict. Instead, they allowed the boys to live.

When questioned by Pharaoh as to why they had disobeyed his orders, the midwives responded that Hebrew women were vigorous and gave birth before the midwives could arrive. Their actions were blessed by God, as it is written: "So God was good to the midwives, and the people multiplied and became even more numerous. And because the midwives feared God, He gave them families of their own" (Exodus 1:20-21).

Theological Significance

The narrative of the Hebrew midwives highlights several key theological themes:

1. Fear of God: The midwives' fear of God is central to their defiance of Pharaoh's command. Their reverence for God and His commandments superseded their fear of earthly authority. This fear of God is portrayed as the foundation of their moral courage and integrity.

2. Sanctity of Life: The midwives' actions underscore the biblical principle of the sanctity of human life. By preserving the lives of the Hebrew male infants, they upheld the value of life as ordained by God, resisting a culture of death imposed by Pharaoh.

3. Divine Providence and Reward: The narrative illustrates God's providential care and reward for those who act righteously. The midwives' faithfulness resulted in God's blessing, as He "gave them families of their own." This divine favor reflects the biblical principle that God honors those who honor Him.

4. Role of Women in God's Plan: Shiphrah and Puah are among the first women in the Bible to be named for their role in God's redemptive history. Their courage and faithfulness are pivotal in the preservation of the Israelite people, setting the stage for the eventual deliverance of Israel from Egypt.

Historical and Cultural Context

In the ancient Near Eastern context, midwives were essential figures in childbirth, providing care and support to mothers. The naming of Shiphrah and Puah in the biblical text suggests their prominence and possibly their leadership among the midwives serving the Hebrew community. Their account reflects the broader theme of God using seemingly ordinary individuals to accomplish His purposes.

Legacy

The legacy of the Hebrew midwives is one of faithfulness and courage in the face of tyranny. Their account has inspired countless generations to stand firm in their convictions and to value life as a sacred gift from God. Through their actions, Shiphrah and Puah exemplify the power of faith and the impact of righteous deeds in the unfolding of God's divine plan.