1 Samuel 28:5

When Saul saw the Philistine army, he was afraid and trembled violently.

Study Bible

When Saul saw
The Hebrew root for "saw" is רָאָה (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or understand. This word indicates more than just physical sight; it implies a deeper perception or realization. Saul's seeing of the Philistine army is not just a visual acknowledgment but a moment of profound understanding of the dire situation he faces. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a moment where Saul's lack of faith and reliance on God becomes evident. Historically, Saul's reign was marked by a gradual departure from God's guidance, and this moment of seeing the enemy army is a culmination of his spiritual blindness.

the Philistine army
The Philistines were a significant and recurring adversary of Israel throughout the Old Testament. Archaeologically, the Philistines are believed to have been part of the Sea Peoples who settled along the coastal regions of Canaan. Their presence in the narrative of 1 Samuel represents a constant threat to Israel's security and a test of their faithfulness to God. The Philistine army symbolizes the worldly challenges and opposition that God's people face, and Saul's reaction to them highlights his failure to trust in God's deliverance.

he was afraid
The Hebrew word for "afraid" is יָרֵא (yare), which conveys a sense of fear, reverence, or awe. In this context, it reflects Saul's overwhelming fear of the impending battle and his recognition of his own inadequacy without divine support. This fear contrasts sharply with the courage that comes from faith in God, as seen in the lives of other biblical figures like David. Saul's fear is a direct result of his disobedience and separation from God, serving as a cautionary tale for believers to maintain their trust in the Lord.

and trembled violently
The phrase "trembled violently" is derived from the Hebrew חָרַד (charad), meaning to tremble, quake, or be terrified. This intense physical reaction underscores the depth of Saul's fear and anxiety. It is a vivid depiction of a man who has lost his spiritual foundation and is now overwhelmed by the circumstances around him. In a broader scriptural context, this trembling can be contrasted with the peace and assurance that comes from a steadfast relationship with God. Saul's violent trembling serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's guidance and the importance of seeking His strength in times of trouble.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, anointed by the prophet Samuel. At this point in his reign, Saul is facing a crisis of faith and leadership.

2. Philistine Army
The formidable military force of the Philistines, long-time adversaries of Israel. Their presence signifies a significant threat to Israel's security.

3. Fear and Trembling
Saul's emotional and psychological state upon seeing the Philistine army. This fear indicates a lack of trust in God and foreshadows his subsequent actions.

4. Endor
Although not mentioned in this specific verse, the location is significant in the surrounding account as Saul later seeks a medium there, highlighting his desperation.

5. Samuel
The prophet who anointed Saul and later David. His death leaves Saul without spiritual guidance, contributing to Saul's fear and poor decision-making.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Fear
Fear can paralyze and lead to poor decision-making. Saul's fear led him away from God, illustrating the importance of faith over fear.

The Importance of Spiritual Guidance
Without Samuel, Saul lacked godly counsel. This highlights the need for spiritual mentors and the guidance of the Holy Spirit in our lives.

Trust in God's Promises
Saul's fear shows a lack of trust in God's promises. Believers are called to remember and rely on God's faithfulness in times of trouble.

The Dangers of Isolation
Saul's isolation from God and his people led to his downfall. Community and accountability are vital for spiritual health.

Seeking God in Crisis
Instead of turning to God, Saul sought a medium. This teaches the importance of seeking God first in times of crisis.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's reaction to the Philistine army reflect his spiritual state, and what can we learn from this about handling fear?

2. In what ways can we ensure we have godly counsel and spiritual guidance in our lives, especially during challenging times?

3. Reflect on a time when fear influenced your decisions. How might trusting in God's promises have changed the outcome?

4. How can we cultivate a community that supports and holds us accountable in our faith journey?

5. What are practical steps we can take to seek God first in times of crisis, rather than turning to worldly solutions?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 31:6
This verse encourages strength and courage, contrasting Saul's fear and lack of faith.

Psalm 56:3
Offers a perspective on trusting God when afraid, which Saul fails to do.

Isaiah 41:10
God's promise to be with His people and strengthen them, highlighting Saul's failure to rely on God.

Matthew 14:30
Peter's fear when walking on water parallels Saul's fear, both showing a lapse in faith.