1 Samuel 20:27

But on the day after the New Moon, the second day, David's place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, "Why hasn't the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?"

Study Bible

But on the day after the New Moon, the second day,
The New Moon was a significant time in the Hebrew calendar, marking the beginning of a new month. It was often observed with special sacrifices and feasts (Numbers 10:10, 28:11-15). The mention of the "second day" indicates the continuation of the New Moon festival, which could last multiple days. This context highlights the importance of the occasion and the expectation for David's presence, as he was a member of Saul's court.

David’s place was still empty,
David's absence is significant, as he was a key figure in Saul's court and a close friend of Jonathan. His empty place at the table symbolizes the growing tension and estrangement between David and Saul. This absence foreshadows David's eventual separation from Saul's household and his rise to kingship, as God had anointed him through Samuel (1 Samuel 16:13).

and Saul asked his son Jonathan,
Saul's inquiry to Jonathan underscores the close relationship between Jonathan and David. Jonathan's loyalty to David is a central theme in this narrative, contrasting with Saul's growing animosity. This interaction sets the stage for Jonathan's role as a mediator and protector of David, reflecting the covenantal friendship they shared (1 Samuel 18:3).

“Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal
Referring to David as "the son of Jesse" rather than by name may indicate Saul's attempt to distance himself emotionally from David. This phrase also highlights David's humble origins, as Jesse was a Bethlehemite, emphasizing the theme of God choosing the unlikely and lowly to fulfill His purposes (1 Samuel 16:1).

either yesterday or today?”
Saul's concern over David's absence for two consecutive days suggests his growing suspicion and paranoia. This question reveals Saul's awareness of David's importance and his potential threat to Saul's throne. The repeated absence heightens the tension and foreshadows the impending conflict between Saul and David, as Saul's jealousy and fear continue to escalate (1 Samuel 18:8-9).

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
Anointed by God to be the future king of Israel, David is currently in hiding due to King Saul's jealousy and intent to kill him.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his throne.

3. Jonathan
Saul's son and David's close friend, who is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

4. New Moon Festival
A significant religious observance in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month with sacrifices and communal meals.

5. Jesse
David's father, often referred to by Saul as a way to diminish David's status.

Teaching Points

The Cost of Loyalty
Jonathan's loyalty to David, despite his father's hostility, teaches us about the cost and value of true friendship and loyalty. In our lives, we may face situations where our loyalty to God or others is tested.

God's Sovereignty in Adversity
David's absence from the feast and Saul's reaction remind us that God is sovereign even in difficult circumstances. We can trust that God is working behind the scenes for our good and His glory.

The Importance of Discernment
Jonathan's role in this account highlights the need for discernment in relationships and situations. We must seek God's wisdom to navigate complex interpersonal dynamics.

Faithfulness in Relationships
The covenant between Jonathan and David is a model of faithfulness. In our relationships, we are called to be faithful and uphold our commitments, reflecting God's faithfulness to us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jonathan's loyalty to David challenge us in our own friendships and relationships today?

2. In what ways can we see God's hand at work in the midst of adversity, as seen in David's situation?

3. How can we apply the principle of discernment in our daily interactions and decisions?

4. What are some practical ways we can demonstrate faithfulness in our relationships, following the example of Jonathan and David?

5. How does understanding the cultural and religious significance of the New Moon Festival enhance our comprehension of this passage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the deep bond and covenant between Jonathan and David, highlighting the loyalty and love that Jonathan has for David, which is crucial in the context of 1 Samuel 20:27.

Psalm 59
Traditionally attributed to David during his time of fleeing from Saul, this psalm reflects David's trust in God amidst persecution.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the nature of true friendship, which is exemplified in the relationship between Jonathan and David.