3690. oxos

Lexicon

oxos: Vinegar, sour wine

Original Word: ὄξος
Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter
Transliteration: oxos
Pronunciation: OKH-sos
Phonetic Spelling: (oz-os)
Definition: Vinegar, sour wine
Meaning: vinegar, sour wine mixed with water, a common drink of Roman soldiers.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

vinegar.

From oxus; vinegar, i.e. Sour wine -- vinegar.

see GREEK oxus

HELPS Word-studies

3690 óksos – low-grade, sour wine, given as a cheap painkiller to people condemned to crucifixion. "Apparently Jesus was offered two kinds of wine. One wine was mixed with gall (5521 /xolḗ), which Christ refused once He tasted it (Mt 27:34,48) – and the other wine mixed with myrrh" (G. Archer).

NAS Exhaustive Concordance

Word Origin
from oxus
Definition
sour wine
NASB Translation
sour wine (6).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon

STRONGS NT 3690: ὄξος

ὄξος, ὀξεος (ὄξους), τό (ὀξύς), vinegar (Aeschylus, Hippocrates, Aristophanes, Xenophon, and following; for חֹמֶץ, Ruth 2:14; Numbers 6:3, etc.); used in the N. T. for Latinposca, i. e. the mixture of sour wine or vinegar and water which the Roman soldiers were accustomed to drink: Matthew 27:34 R L marginal reading, 48; Mark 15:36; Luke 23:36; John 19:29f.

Topical Lexicon

Word Origin: Derived from the Greek verb ὀξύς (oxus), meaning "sharp" or "acidic."

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: The Hebrew equivalent often associated with ὄξος is חֹמֶץ (chomets), Strong's Hebrew 2558, which also means vinegar or sour wine. This term appears in the Old Testament, notably in the context of the same prophetic Psalm 69:21.

Usage: The term ὄξος is used in the New Testament to describe the sour wine offered to Jesus during His crucifixion. It appears in the context of the Passion narratives.

Context: The Greek word ὄξος appears in the New Testament in the context of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It is mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, where it describes the sour wine offered to Jesus as He was on the cross. This sour wine, or vinegar, was a common beverage for Roman soldiers and the lower classes, known for its refreshing qualities and affordability.

In Matthew 27:48 (BSB), it is recorded: "One of them quickly ran and brought a sponge. He filled it with sour wine, put it on a reed, and held it up for Jesus to drink." Similarly, in Mark 15:36 (BSB), it states: "And someone ran and filled a sponge with sour wine. He put it on a reed and held it up for Jesus to drink, saying, 'Leave Him alone. Let us see if Elijah comes to take Him down.'"

The offering of ὄξος to Jesus fulfills the prophecy found in Psalm 69:21, which states, "They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me sour wine to drink." This act is significant in the Passion narrative, symbolizing the mockery and suffering Jesus endured. The sour wine was not intended as an act of mercy but rather as a continuation of the scorn He faced.

In John 19:29-30 (BSB), the narrative provides additional detail: "A jar of sour wine was sitting there. So they soaked a sponge in the wine, put it on a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to His mouth. When Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, 'It is finished.' And bowing His head, He yielded up His spirit." This moment marks the completion of Jesus' earthly mission and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah's suffering.

Forms and Transliterations

όξει οξος όξος ὄξος οξους όξους ὄξους οξυγράφου οξύθυμος οξύναι οξύνει οξύνου ώξυνε oxos óxos oxous óxous

Englishman's Concordance

Matthew 27:48 N-GNS
GRK: πλήσας τε ὄξους καὶ περιθεὶς
NAS: he filled it with sour wine and put
KJV: filled [it] with vinegar, and
INT: having filled [it] and with vinegar and having put [it] on

Mark 15:36 N-GNS
GRK: γεμίσας σπόγγον ὄξους περιθεὶς καλάμῳ
NAS: a sponge with sour wine, put
KJV: full of vinegar, and
INT: having filled a sponge with vinegar having put [it] on a reed

Luke 23:36 N-ANS
GRK: στρατιῶται προσερχόμενοι ὄξος προσφέροντες αὐτῷ
NAS: up to Him, offering Him sour wine,
KJV: offering him vinegar,
INT: soldiers coming near vinegar offering him

John 19:29 N-GNS
GRK: σκεῦος ἔκειτο ὄξους μεστόν σπόγγον
NAS: A jar full of sour wine was standing
KJV: full of vinegar: and
INT: A vessel was set of vinegar full a sponge

John 19:29 N-GNS
GRK: μεστὸν τοῦ ὄξους ὑσσώπῳ περιθέντες
NAS: of sour wine was standing
KJV: a spunge with vinegar, and
INT: having filled with vinegar hyssop having put [it] on

John 19:30 N-ANS
GRK: ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος ὁ Ἰησοῦς
NAS: had received the sour wine, He said,
KJV: had received the vinegar, he said,
INT: took the vinegar Jesus

Strong's Greek 3690
6 Occurrences

ὄξος — 2 Occ.
ὄξους — 4 Occ.