Definition and Nature:
Hardness of heart is a spiritual condition characterized by an insensitivity or resistance to God's word, will, and presence. It is often depicted in the Bible as a deliberate choice to reject divine truth and guidance, leading to moral and spiritual insensitivity. This condition can manifest in both individuals and groups, resulting in a lack of repentance, understanding, and compassion.

Biblical Instances:

1. Pharaoh's Heart: One of the most notable examples of hardness of heart is found in the account of Pharaoh during the Exodus. Despite witnessing numerous signs and wonders performed by God through Moses, Pharaoh repeatedly hardened his heart, refusing to let the Israelites go. The Bible states, "But Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said" (Exodus 7:13). This narrative illustrates how persistent rejection of God's commands can lead to a progressively hardened heart.

2. Israel's Rebellion: The Israelites themselves are often described as having hardened hearts, particularly during their wilderness wanderings. Despite God's continuous provision and guidance, they frequently doubted and disobeyed Him. Psalm 95:8-9 warns, "Do not harden your hearts as you did at Meribah, as you did that day at Massah in the wilderness, where your fathers tested and tried Me, though they had seen My work" . This serves as a cautionary reminder of the consequences of spiritual obstinacy.

3. New Testament Warnings: Jesus frequently addressed the issue of hardness of heart among the religious leaders of His time. In Mark 3:5, Jesus is described as being grieved by their hardness of heart: "And He looked around at them with anger, grieved by their hardness of heart, and He said to the man, 'Stretch out your hand.' So he stretched it out, and his hand was restored" . The Pharisees' refusal to acknowledge Jesus' authority and miracles exemplifies how spiritual pride can lead to a hardened heart.

Causes and Consequences:

· Pride and Self-Reliance: A common cause of hardness of heart is pride, where individuals rely on their own understanding and reject divine wisdom. Proverbs 28:14 states, "Blessed is the man who is always reverent, but he who hardens his heart falls into trouble" .

· Sin and Disobedience: Persistent sin and disobedience can also lead to a hardened heart. Hebrews 3:13 warns, "But exhort one another daily, as long as it is called today, so that none of you may be hardened by sin’s deceitfulness" .

· Spiritual Blindness: A hardened heart often results in spiritual blindness, preventing individuals from perceiving and accepting the truth. Ephesians 4:18 describes this condition: "They are darkened in their understanding and alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts" .

Remedies and Exhortations:

· Repentance and Humility: The Bible calls for repentance and humility as remedies for hardness of heart. James 4:10 encourages believers, "Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will exalt you" .

· Seeking God’s Presence: Regular engagement with God's word and presence can soften a hardened heart. Ezekiel 36:26 promises, "I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will remove your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh" .

· Community and Accountability: Fellowship with other believers and mutual accountability can help prevent and address hardness of heart. Hebrews 10:24-25 advises, "And let us consider how to spur one another on to love and good deeds. Let us not neglect meeting together, as some have made a habit, but let us encourage one another, and all the more as you see the Day approaching" .

In summary, hardness of heart is a serious spiritual condition that can hinder one's relationship with God and others. The Bible provides numerous examples and teachings to warn against this state and offers guidance for cultivating a responsive and obedient heart.