Definition and Overview:
Ancient hostility refers to the deep-seated enmity and conflict that has existed between various peoples and nations throughout biblical history. This hostility often stems from familial disputes, territorial ambitions, religious differences, and divine judgments. The Bible provides numerous accounts of such hostilities, illustrating the consequences of sin and disobedience to God's commands.

Biblical Examples:

1. Cain and Abel:
The first recorded instance of hostility in the Bible is the conflict between Cain and Abel, the sons of Adam and Eve. Cain's jealousy and anger towards Abel, whose offering was favored by God, led to the first murder. Genesis 4:8 states, "Then Cain said to his brother Abel, 'Let us go out to the field.' And while they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him."

2. Esau and Jacob:
The rivalry between Esau and Jacob, the twin sons of Isaac and Rebekah, is another example of ancient hostility. This enmity began in the womb and was exacerbated by Jacob's deception in obtaining Esau's birthright and blessing. Genesis 27:41 records Esau's animosity: "Esau held a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing his father had given him. And Esau determined in his heart: 'The days of mourning for my father are at hand; then I will kill my brother Jacob.'"

3. Israel and Edom:
The descendants of Esau, the Edomites, and the descendants of Jacob, the Israelites, continued the hostility of their forefathers. This enmity is evident in several biblical accounts, including Edom's refusal to allow Israel passage through their land during the Exodus (Numbers 20:14-21). The prophet Obadiah speaks of Edom's violence against Israel, declaring God's judgment upon them (Obadiah 1:10).

4. Israel and the Philistines:
The Philistines were perennial enemies of Israel, often engaging in battles and skirmishes. The most famous encounter is the battle between David and Goliath, where David, a young shepherd, defeats the Philistine giant with God's help (1 Samuel 17). This hostility is emblematic of the spiritual and physical battles faced by God's people.

5. Jews and Samaritans:
The animosity between Jews and Samaritans is rooted in historical and religious differences. After the Assyrian conquest of the Northern Kingdom, the Samaritans, a mixed population, developed distinct religious practices. This led to mutual disdain, as seen in John 4:9 , where the Samaritan woman at the well questions Jesus: "You are a Jew," said the woman, "and I am a Samaritan woman. How can You ask me for a drink?" (For Jews do not associate with Samaritans.)

Theological Implications:
Ancient hostility in the Bible often serves as a backdrop for God's redemptive plan. It highlights the fallen nature of humanity and the need for reconciliation through divine intervention. The Bible teaches that true peace and reconciliation are found in obedience to God and through the work of Jesus Christ, who breaks down the dividing walls of hostility (Ephesians 2:14).

Lessons for Believers:
Believers are called to overcome hostility through love, forgiveness, and the pursuit of peace. Romans 12:18 exhorts, "If it is possible on your part, live at peace with everyone." The Bible encourages believers to be peacemakers, reflecting the character of Christ in a world marked by ancient and ongoing hostilities.