Luke 6:2

But some of the Pharisees asked, "Why are you doing what is unlawful on the Sabbath?"

Study Bible

But some of the Pharisees asked
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus. Known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions, they often clashed with Jesus over interpretations of the law. The Greek word for "Pharisees" is "Pharisaioi," which means "separated ones," indicating their commitment to purity and separation from what they considered unclean. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in the synagogues and among the common people, emphasizing the importance of following the law to maintain a covenant relationship with God. Their questioning of Jesus reflects their role as religious authorities and their concern for maintaining religious order.

Why are you doing
This phrase indicates an inquiry into the actions of Jesus and His disciples. The Greek word "poieite" (doing) suggests an ongoing action, implying that the Pharisees were observing a pattern of behavior they found questionable. The question posed by the Pharisees is not merely about a single incident but about a perceived habitual disregard for the Sabbath laws. This reflects the tension between Jesus' ministry and the established religious norms of the time.

what is unlawful
The term "unlawful" comes from the Greek word "ouk exestin," meaning "not permitted" or "not lawful." The Pharisees are referring to the traditional interpretations of the Mosaic Law, particularly the additional rules they had developed to prevent any possibility of breaking the Sabbath. These interpretations were not necessarily written in the Torah but were part of the oral traditions that the Pharisees held in high regard. The accusation of unlawfulness highlights the conflict between Jesus' teachings and the Pharisaic understanding of the law.

on the Sabbath
The Sabbath, or "Shabbat" in Hebrew, is a day of rest observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening, commemorating God's rest on the seventh day of creation. It is a sign of the covenant between God and Israel, as outlined in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11). The Pharisees had developed extensive regulations to define what constituted work on the Sabbath, aiming to protect its sanctity. Jesus' actions on the Sabbath often challenged these interpretations, emphasizing the original intent of the Sabbath as a day for rest and worship rather than a burden of legalistic restrictions. This confrontation underscores the broader theme of Jesus' ministry, which sought to fulfill the law by revealing its true purpose and spirit.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharisees
A religious group in Judaism known for strict adherence to the Law of Moses and additional oral traditions. They often clashed with Jesus over interpretations of the law.

2. Jesus
Central figure in Christianity, believed to be the Son of God and the Messiah. In this passage, He is questioned by the Pharisees regarding His disciples' actions on the Sabbath.

3. Sabbath
A day of rest on the seventh day of the week, commanded by God in the Ten Commandments. It was a sign of the covenant between God and Israel, meant for rest and worship.

4. Disciples
Followers of Jesus who were learning from His teachings and actions. In this context, they were picking grain on the Sabbath, which led to the Pharisees' question.

5. Grainfields
The setting of this event, where Jesus and His disciples were walking and the disciples began to pick heads of grain.

Teaching Points

Understanding the Law's Purpose
The Sabbath was intended as a gift for rest and reflection, not as a burden. Jesus emphasizes the spirit of the law over the letter.

Jesus' Authority
Jesus asserts His authority over religious traditions, demonstrating that He is Lord of the Sabbath. This challenges us to recognize His authority in our lives.

Mercy Over Sacrifice
Jesus highlights the importance of mercy and compassion over rigid adherence to rules. This calls us to prioritize love and kindness in our interactions.

Tradition vs. Scripture
The Pharisees' focus on tradition can serve as a warning against elevating human traditions above God's Word. We must discern and prioritize biblical truth.

Rest and Worship
The Sabbath principle encourages us to find regular times for rest and worship, reminding us of our dependence on God and His provision.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' response to the Pharisees challenge our understanding of religious traditions today?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our observance of religious practices aligns with the spirit of God's commandments rather than just the letter?

3. How can we apply the principle of "mercy over sacrifice" in our daily interactions with others?

4. What are some practical ways to incorporate rest and worship into our weekly routine, following the Sabbath principle?

5. How does recognizing Jesus' authority over the Sabbath influence our view of His authority in other areas of our lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:8-11
Provides the original commandment regarding the Sabbath, emphasizing rest and holiness.

Matthew 12:1-8
A parallel account where Jesus explains the purpose of the Sabbath and references David's actions with the showbread.

Mark 2:23-28
Another parallel account that highlights Jesus' authority over the Sabbath and His declaration that "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath."

1 Samuel 21:1-6
The account of David eating the consecrated bread, which Jesus references to illustrate the principle of mercy over sacrifice.