On that day
This phrase often signifies a prophetic time, a future event of significance in biblical prophecy. In the context of Isaiah, "that day" refers to a time of judgment and subsequent restoration. The Hebrew root for "day" (יוֹם, yom) can denote a literal day or a period marked by a specific event. Here, it suggests a time when the consequences of Israel's disobedience are fully realized, leading to a desperate societal condition.

seven women
The number seven in Hebrew culture often symbolizes completeness or perfection. In this context, it underscores the severity of the situation, where the imbalance between men and women is so pronounced that seven women, representing a complete or overwhelming number, are willing to share one man. This reflects the aftermath of war or judgment, where many men have perished, leaving a disproportionate number of women.

will take hold of one man
The phrase "take hold of" (תַּחֲזֶקְנָה, tachazkenah) implies a forceful or desperate action. It indicates the women's urgent need for social security and protection, which, in ancient Near Eastern culture, was often provided through marriage. The societal collapse has led to a reversal of traditional roles, where women actively seek out a man for survival.

and say
This introduces the women's plea, highlighting their desperation and willingness to forsake traditional marital expectations. The act of speaking here is significant, as it conveys their determination and the gravity of their situation.

We will eat our own bread and provide our own clothes
In ancient Israel, a husband's role included providing food and clothing for his wife. By offering to supply their own sustenance and clothing, the women are relinquishing their right to these basic provisions, emphasizing their desperation. This self-sufficiency is a stark departure from cultural norms, underscoring the dire circumstances.

Only let us be called by your name
Being called by a man's name signifies marriage and the associated social status and protection. In Hebrew culture, a name carried identity and belonging. The women's request to be called by the man's name reflects their desire for legitimacy and removal of social shame, even at the cost of traditional marital benefits.

Take away our disgrace!
The word "disgrace" (חֶרְפָּתֵנוּ, cherpatenu) refers to the shame associated with being unmarried or childless, which was significant in ancient Israelite society. The women's plea to have their disgrace removed highlights the cultural importance of marriage and family as sources of honor and security. This reflects a deep yearning for restoration and dignity amidst societal collapse.

On that day
This phrase points to a specific time in the future, often associated with the "Day of the Lord" in prophetic literature. In the Hebrew context, "that day" signifies a time of divine intervention, judgment, and restoration. It is a day when God will act decisively in history, bringing about His purposes. This phrase sets the stage for a transformative event, a turning point in the narrative of Israel's history.

the Branch of the LORD
The term "Branch" (Hebrew: "tsemach") is a messianic title, symbolizing new growth and life emerging from what was once thought dead. In the context of Isaiah, it refers to the coming Messiah, who Christians believe is fulfilled in Jesus Christ. The "Branch" signifies hope and renewal, a divine promise of restoration and leadership that will arise from the lineage of David. This imagery is rich with the expectation of a savior who will bring righteousness and justice.

will be beautiful and glorious
These adjectives describe the nature and impact of the Branch. "Beautiful" and "glorious" convey a sense of divine splendor and majesty. In Hebrew, "beautiful" (yapheh) and "glorious" (kabod) suggest not only physical beauty but also moral and spiritual excellence. The Messiah's reign will be marked by these qualities, reflecting God's own character and bringing about a transformation that is both visible and profound.

and the fruit of the land
This phrase symbolizes the blessings and prosperity that will accompany the Messiah's reign. "Fruit" (Hebrew: "peri") often represents the results of God's favor and the abundance of life under His rule. In a historical context, it points to the restoration of Israel's fortunes, both materially and spiritually. The land, once desolate due to judgment, will again yield its bounty, signifying God's renewed covenant with His people.

will be the pride and glory
"Pride" (Hebrew: "ga'own") and "glory" (Hebrew: "tiferet") indicate a sense of honor and splendor. These terms suggest that the restored Israel will be a source of admiration and respect among the nations. The transformation brought by the Branch will elevate the status of God's people, making them a testament to His faithfulness and power. This reflects the ultimate purpose of God's redemptive work—to bring glory to Himself through His people.

of the survivors of Israel
This phrase highlights the remnant theme prevalent in Isaiah. "Survivors" (Hebrew: "peleitah") refers to those who remain faithful through trials and judgment. The concept of a remnant underscores God's grace and mercy, preserving a group who will experience His promises. Historically, this remnant represents those who return from exile and spiritually, it points to those who remain steadfast in faith. The survivors are the recipients of the Branch's blessings, embodying hope and continuity for God's covenant people.

So the remaining survivors in Zion
The phrase "remaining survivors" refers to those who have endured through a period of judgment or calamity. In the Hebrew context, the word for "survivors" is often associated with a remnant, a theme prevalent throughout the Old Testament. This remnant is a group preserved by God, often through trials, to fulfill His purposes. Zion, historically and scripturally, is the city of Jerusalem, representing the spiritual heart of Israel. It is a place of divine promise and presence. The mention of Zion here underscores the idea that God’s covenant with His people remains intact, even after judgment.

and in Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of peace, holds a central place in biblical history as the location of the Temple, the dwelling place of God among His people. The mention of both Zion and Jerusalem emphasizes the continuity of God’s plan and His faithfulness to His promises. Historically, Jerusalem has been a focal point of conflict and restoration, symbolizing both the physical and spiritual struggles of God’s people. The survivors in Jerusalem are those who have been refined and purified, ready to partake in the renewed covenant relationship with God.

will be called holy
The term "holy" in Hebrew is "qadosh," meaning set apart or consecrated. This holiness is not inherent but is a status conferred by God. To be called holy signifies a transformation and a new identity bestowed by divine grace. In the biblical narrative, holiness is often associated with purity, righteousness, and a life dedicated to God’s service. The survivors being called holy indicates their sanctification and readiness to live according to God’s will, reflecting His character in their lives.

all who are recorded among the living
The phrase "recorded among the living" suggests a divine registry, a book of life where the names of the faithful are inscribed. This concept is echoed in other parts of Scripture, such as in the Book of Revelation. It implies a divine acknowledgment and assurance of life, not just in the physical sense but in a spiritual and eternal dimension. Being recorded among the living signifies God’s recognition and approval, a promise of protection and blessing for those who remain faithful.

in Jerusalem
The repetition of "in Jerusalem" at the end of the verse reinforces the significance of the city as the center of God’s redemptive activity. It is a place where God’s presence is manifest and where His people gather to worship and experience His glory. The emphasis on Jerusalem highlights the hope of restoration and renewal, a future where God’s kingdom is fully realized on earth. This vision of Jerusalem serves as an inspiration for believers, pointing to the ultimate fulfillment of God’s promises in the new Jerusalem, as described in the book of Revelation.

When the Lord
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and initiative of God in the process of purification. The Hebrew word for "Lord" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, which underscores His faithfulness and authority. Historically, this reflects God's ongoing relationship with Israel, where He acts as both judge and redeemer. The use of "when" indicates a future certainty, a promise that God Himself will intervene in the affairs of His people.

has washed away
The imagery of washing signifies purification and renewal. The Hebrew root "rachats" means to wash or cleanse, often used in ceremonial contexts. This reflects the spiritual cleansing necessary for the people of God to be restored to holiness. In a broader biblical context, this washing prefigures the cleansing work of Christ, who washes away sin through His sacrifice.

the filth of the daughters of Zion
"Daughters of Zion" refers to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, often symbolizing the collective people of God. "Filth" here is a metaphor for sin and moral impurity. The Hebrew word "tso'ah" suggests defilement and uncleanness. This phrase highlights the need for spiritual purification among God's people, a theme consistent throughout the prophetic literature.

and cleansed the bloodstains
The term "cleansed" comes from the Hebrew "duach," meaning to rinse or purge. "Bloodstains" symbolize guilt and the consequences of sin, particularly violence and injustice. This cleansing is not merely external but addresses the deep-seated corruption within the community. It points to the necessity of atonement and reconciliation with God.

from the heart of Jerusalem
"Heart" in Hebrew is "leb," often representing the inner life, including thoughts, emotions, and will. "Jerusalem" is not just a physical city but a spiritual center for God's people. This phrase indicates that the transformation God promises is profound, reaching the very core of the community's identity and spiritual life.

by a spirit of judgment
The "spirit of judgment" refers to God's righteous and discerning action. The Hebrew word "ruach" for "spirit" can mean breath, wind, or spirit, indicating a dynamic and powerful force. Judgment here is not merely punitive but corrective, aimed at restoring righteousness and justice among God's people.

and a spirit of fire
Fire in biblical symbolism often represents purification and the presence of God. The "spirit of fire" suggests a refining process, burning away impurities to leave what is pure and holy. This imagery is consistent with the refining fire described in other scriptures, such as Malachi 3:2-3, where God purifies His people like a refiner purifies silver.

Then the LORD will create
The phrase begins with a divine promise of action. The Hebrew root for "create" is "בָּרָא" (bara), which is the same word used in Genesis 1:1, emphasizing God's sovereign power to bring forth something new and transformative. This creation is not merely a physical act but a spiritual renewal, indicating God's direct intervention and the establishment of His presence among His people.

over all of Mount Zion
Mount Zion holds significant historical and theological importance as the location of Jerusalem and the symbolic heart of God's chosen people. It represents the spiritual center where God dwells with His people. The phrase suggests a comprehensive divine protection and blessing over the entire community, not just a select few, indicating God's inclusive care and covenantal faithfulness.

and over her assemblies
The term "assemblies" refers to the gatherings of God's people, possibly indicating both formal worship and communal life. In the Hebrew context, these assemblies are where the community comes together to worship, learn, and uphold the covenant. This phrase underscores the communal aspect of God's promise, highlighting that His presence and protection extend to the collective body of believers.

a cloud of smoke by day
This imagery recalls the Exodus narrative, where God led the Israelites through the wilderness with a pillar of cloud by day (Exodus 13:21). The cloud signifies God's guidance, presence, and protection. It serves as a reminder of God's faithfulness in past deliverance and His ongoing commitment to lead and shield His people.

and a glowing flame of fire by night
Similarly, the "glowing flame of fire" echoes the pillar of fire that provided light and direction during the night in the wilderness journey. Fire in the biblical context often symbolizes God's holiness, purity, and presence. This imagery reassures the faithful of God's unceasing vigilance and the warmth of His protective presence, even in the darkest times.

For over all the glory
The "glory" here refers to the manifest presence of God, often depicted as a radiant, overwhelming light. In Hebrew, "glory" is "כָּבוֹד" (kavod), which conveys weightiness and honor. This phrase emphasizes that God's presence is not just protective but also glorious, bringing honor and divine splendor to His people.

there will be a canopy
The "canopy" symbolizes shelter, protection, and covering. In ancient Near Eastern culture, a canopy was often used in wedding ceremonies, symbolizing a place of intimacy and covenant. Here, it signifies God's protective covering over His people, akin to a bridegroom's care for his bride, suggesting a deep, covenantal relationship between God and His people. This imagery inspires hope and assurance of God's enduring love and protection.

And there will be a booth
The word "booth" in Hebrew is "סֻכָּה" (sukkah), which refers to a temporary shelter or dwelling. Historically, booths were used during the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), symbolizing God's provision and protection during the Israelites' wilderness journey. This imagery evokes a sense of divine shelter and care, reminding believers of God's constant presence and protection in their lives, even amidst temporary and fragile circumstances.

for shade from the heat by day
The "shade" signifies relief and protection from the harshness of the sun, which in the Middle Eastern context, represents oppressive conditions or trials. Biblically, shade is often associated with God's protection (Psalm 121:5). The "heat by day" can symbolize the trials and tribulations believers face. This phrase reassures Christians that God provides relief and comfort, shielding them from life's overwhelming challenges.

and a refuge
The term "refuge" in Hebrew is "מַחְסֶה" (machseh), meaning a place of trust and safety. Throughout Scripture, God is frequently described as a refuge (Psalm 46:1), emphasizing His role as a protector and sanctuary for His people. This word encourages believers to seek God as their ultimate source of security and peace amidst life's uncertainties.

and hiding place
A "hiding place" suggests a secret or secure location where one can find safety. In the biblical context, it implies intimacy and closeness with God, where believers can find solace and protection. This phrase invites Christians to draw near to God, finding comfort and security in His presence, much like David did when he declared God as his hiding place (Psalm 32:7).

from the storm and the rain
The "storm and the rain" symbolize chaos, trials, and divine judgment. In ancient times, storms were often seen as manifestations of divine power and judgment. However, this verse promises protection from such adversities. For believers, it serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to shield His people from both physical and spiritual tempests, reinforcing the assurance of His steadfast love and protection.