Genesis 34:12

Demand a high dowry and an expensive gift, and I will give you whatever you ask. Only give me the girl as my wife!"

Study Bible

Demand a high dowry and gift
In the ancient Near Eastern context, a dowry was a customary payment made by the groom to the bride's family, signifying a formal agreement and commitment. The Hebrew word for "dowry" is "mohar," which indicates a bride price or compensation. This practice was not merely transactional but was intended to demonstrate the groom's ability to provide and his earnestness in marriage. The mention of a "high" dowry suggests an attempt to appease and negotiate, reflecting the gravity of the situation following the violation of Dinah. It underscores the cultural importance of marriage agreements and the value placed on familial honor and restitution.

I will pay whatever you ask me
This phrase reveals the desperation and willingness of Shechem to secure Dinah as his wife, regardless of the cost. The Hebrew root "natan," meaning "to give," is used here, emphasizing the act of offering or providing. This reflects Shechem's determination to rectify his wrongdoing through material compensation, a common practice in ancient times to resolve disputes and restore relationships. It also highlights the patriarchal nature of the society, where women's futures were often negotiated by male relatives.

Only give me the girl as my wife
The plea "only give me the girl" underscores Shechem's singular focus on marrying Dinah, despite the preceding transgression. The Hebrew word "na'arah," translated as "girl," refers to a young woman of marriageable age, indicating Dinah's vulnerability and the societal expectations placed upon her. The phrase "as my wife" reflects the cultural and legal binding of marriage, which was seen as a means to legitimize relationships and secure alliances. This request, however, is laden with irony and tension, as it follows an act of violence, challenging the moral and ethical standards of the community. The narrative invites reflection on the themes of justice, repentance, and the complexities of human relationships within the framework of divine law and covenant.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Shechem
The son of Hamor the Hivite, who defiled Dinah, Jacob's daughter. He is deeply infatuated with Dinah and seeks to marry her, offering to pay any dowry.

2. Hamor
The father of Shechem and a Hivite prince. He negotiates with Jacob and his sons for Dinah's marriage to Shechem.

3. Dinah
The daughter of Jacob and Leah, who is defiled by Shechem. Her situation becomes the catalyst for the events in Genesis 34.

4. Jacob
The patriarch of the family, father of Dinah. He is involved in the negotiations with Hamor and Shechem.

5. Simeon and Levi
Sons of Jacob and brothers of Dinah, who later take violent action against Shechem and the city in response to Dinah's defilement.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Family Honor
In ancient cultures, family honor was paramount. The actions of Shechem and the response of Dinah's brothers highlight the lengths to which families would go to protect their honor.

The Role of Dowries
Dowries were a significant part of marriage negotiations, serving as compensation and a sign of commitment. This reflects the cultural practices of the time and the value placed on marriage agreements.

Consequences of Sin
The defilement of Dinah and the subsequent actions of her brothers demonstrate the far-reaching consequences of sin, affecting not just individuals but entire communities.

Negotiation and Reconciliation
The attempt by Hamor and Shechem to negotiate for Dinah's hand in marriage shows the potential for reconciliation, even after grievous wrongs, though it ultimately fails in this account.

God's Justice and Human Actions
The account invites reflection on human justice versus divine justice, as the actions of Simeon and Levi, though understandable, lead to further violence and deceit.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the cultural practice of dowries in Genesis 34:12 compare to modern practices of marriage and family negotiations?

2. In what ways does the account of Dinah and Shechem challenge us to consider the importance of family honor and integrity today?

3. How do the actions of Simeon and Levi reflect human attempts at justice, and what can we learn about seeking God's justice in our lives?

4. What parallels can we draw between the account of Dinah and other biblical accounts of family conflict and resolution?

5. How can we apply the lessons from Genesis 34 to situations of conflict and reconciliation in our own communities?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 22:16-17
This passage discusses the laws regarding a man who seduces a virgin, emphasizing the importance of a dowry and the father's consent, similar to the situation in Genesis 34.

Deuteronomy 22:28-29
These verses outline the consequences and responsibilities of a man who violates a virgin, including the payment of a dowry, reflecting the cultural and legal context of Genesis 34.

2 Samuel 13
The account of Amnon and Tamar parallels the violation of Dinah, highlighting themes of family dishonor and the consequences of such actions.