Exodus 7:4

Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.

Study Bible

But Pharaoh will not listen to you
This phrase highlights the obstinacy of Pharaoh's heart, a recurring theme in the narrative of the Exodus. The Hebrew root for "listen" is "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear, listen, or obey. In the ancient Near Eastern context, listening was often equated with obedience. Pharaoh's refusal to listen is not merely a lack of auditory reception but a deliberate choice to reject the divine command. This sets the stage for the unfolding of God's mighty acts, emphasizing the theme of divine sovereignty over human resistance.

so that I will lay My hand on Egypt
The phrase "lay My hand" is a powerful anthropomorphism, indicating God's direct intervention in human affairs. The Hebrew word for "hand" is "יָד" (yad), symbolizing power and action. In the ancient world, the hand was often seen as a symbol of strength and authority. God's hand upon Egypt signifies His active role in delivering His people and executing judgment. This phrase reassures the Israelites of God's control and His commitment to their liberation.

and bring out My divisions
The term "divisions" refers to the organized groups of Israelites, often translated as "hosts" or "armies" in other versions. The Hebrew word "צָבָא" (tsaba) conveys the idea of a military formation, underscoring the order and purpose in God's deliverance. This imagery portrays the Israelites not as a disorganized rabble but as a divinely orchestrated community, ready to embark on their journey to freedom. It reflects God's meticulous planning and the fulfillment of His covenant promises.

My people the Israelites
This phrase emphasizes the special relationship between God and the Israelites. The possessive "My" indicates a covenantal bond, rooted in the promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The term "Israelites" (בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, b'nei Yisrael) reminds the reader of Jacob's transformation into Israel, symbolizing struggle and triumph with God. This identity is central to their story, as they are chosen to be a light to the nations, reflecting God's glory and faithfulness.

out of the land of Egypt by great acts of judgment
The "great acts of judgment" refer to the plagues and miraculous events that God will use to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "judgment" is "שְׁפָטִים" (shefatim), which can also mean decisions or decrees. These acts are not arbitrary but are divinely ordained responses to Pharaoh's defiance. Historically, Egypt was a powerful empire, and these judgments demonstrate God's supremacy over the gods of Egypt and the natural world. They serve as a testament to His justice and power, reinforcing the narrative of deliverance and divine retribution.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, whose heart is hardened against letting the Israelites go, representing opposition to God's will.

2. Moses and Aaron
God's chosen leaders to confront Pharaoh and lead the Israelites out of Egypt.

3. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved, symbolizing bondage and oppression.

4. Israelites
God's chosen people, enslaved in Egypt, whom God plans to deliver.

5. Great Acts of Judgment
The plagues and miracles God will perform to demonstrate His power and compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty and Power
God's plan will prevail despite human resistance. Pharaoh's hardened heart serves to magnify God's power and purpose.

Deliverance from Bondage
Just as God delivered the Israelites from physical slavery, He offers spiritual deliverance from sin through Jesus Christ.

Faith in God's Promises
Believers are called to trust in God's promises, even when circumstances seem insurmountable, as Moses and Aaron did.

Judgment and Mercy
God's acts of judgment serve a dual purpose: to demonstrate His power and to extend mercy to those who turn to Him.

Obedience to God's Call
Moses and Aaron's obedience in confronting Pharaoh is a model for believers to follow God's call, regardless of the challenges.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Pharaoh's resistance to God's command reflect the human tendency to resist divine authority, and how can we guard against this in our own lives?

2. In what ways do the "great acts of judgment" in Exodus 7:4 foreshadow the ultimate deliverance through Christ? Consider connections to New Testament teachings.

3. How can we apply the example of Moses and Aaron's obedience in our daily walk with God, especially when facing opposition?

4. What does this passage teach us about God's character, particularly His justice and mercy, and how should this influence our relationship with Him?

5. How can the account of the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt inspire us to seek freedom from personal or spiritual bondage today? Consider practical steps and scriptural support.

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 3:19-20
God foretells that Pharaoh will not let the Israelites go unless compelled by a mighty hand, connecting to the theme of divine intervention.

Romans 9:17-18
Paul references Pharaoh to illustrate God's sovereignty and purpose in hardening hearts to display His power and mercy.

Psalm 136:10-12
Celebrates God's deliverance of Israel from Egypt, highlighting His enduring love and mighty acts.

Hebrews 11:27-29
Reflects on the faith of Moses in leading the Israelites out of Egypt, emphasizing trust in God's promises.