Exodus 1:8

Then a new king, who did not know Joseph, came to power in Egypt.

Study Bible

Then a new king
The phrase "Then a new king" introduces a significant transition in the narrative of the Israelites in Egypt. The Hebrew word for "new" (חָדָשׁ, chadash) implies something fresh or different, indicating a change in leadership that would bring about a new era for the Israelites. Historically, this suggests a shift in the Egyptian dynasty, possibly the rise of a new pharaoh who did not share the same policies or sentiments as his predecessors. This change sets the stage for the ensuing oppression of the Israelites, highlighting the precarious nature of their situation in a foreign land.

who did not know Joseph
The phrase "who did not know Joseph" is crucial in understanding the shift in the Egyptians' treatment of the Israelites. The Hebrew verb "know" (יָדַע, yada) often implies more than mere awareness; it suggests a deep, relational understanding or acknowledgment. Joseph, once a revered figure in Egypt due to his role in saving the nation from famine, was no longer remembered or respected by this new king. This forgetfulness or disregard for Joseph's contributions signifies a loss of favor and protection for the Israelites, leading to their eventual enslavement. It serves as a reminder of the transient nature of human accolades and the importance of divine remembrance and faithfulness.

came to power in Egypt
The phrase "came to power in Egypt" indicates the establishment of authority and control by the new king. The Hebrew term for "came to power" (קָם, qam) conveys the idea of rising or standing up, suggesting a consolidation of power and a new regime. Egypt, a powerful and influential nation in the ancient world, was known for its complex political structure and dynastic changes. This new king's ascent to power marks a pivotal moment in the history of the Israelites, as it leads to their oppression and sets the stage for God's deliverance through Moses. The phrase underscores the sovereignty of God over earthly rulers and the unfolding of His divine plan, even amidst human political changes.

Persons / Places / Events

1. New King of Egypt
This refers to a Pharaoh who ascended to the throne and did not have any regard or knowledge of Joseph's contributions to Egypt. His lack of awareness or acknowledgment of Joseph's legacy sets the stage for the Israelites' oppression.

2. Joseph
Joseph was a Hebrew who rose to prominence in Egypt, becoming second in command to Pharaoh. His leadership during a time of famine saved Egypt and surrounding nations, including his own family, the Israelites.

3. Egypt
A powerful ancient civilization where the Israelites lived and prospered during Joseph's time. However, with the rise of the new king, Egypt becomes a place of bondage for the Israelites.

4. Israelites
The descendants of Jacob (Israel) who initially found favor in Egypt due to Joseph's position but later became enslaved under the new Pharaoh's rule.

5. Transition of Power
The change in leadership marks a significant shift in the Israelites' circumstances, from favor to oppression, highlighting the impermanence of political alliances and human favor.

Teaching Points

The Impermanence of Human Favor
Human favor is fleeting and can change with new leadership or circumstances. Our ultimate trust should be in God's unchanging nature rather than in human institutions or leaders.

The Importance of Remembering History
The new king's ignorance of Joseph's contributions underscores the importance of remembering and honoring the past. As believers, we should be diligent in remembering God's faithfulness throughout history.

God's Sovereignty in Changing Times
Even when circumstances change and seem unfavorable, God remains sovereign. He can use difficult situations to fulfill His purposes, as seen in the eventual deliverance of the Israelites.

The Role of Leadership
Leadership can significantly impact the lives of people. As Christians, we should pray for our leaders and seek to influence our communities positively, remembering that leadership is a stewardship from God.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the new king's ignorance of Joseph's contributions reflect the importance of remembering and honoring history in our own lives?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our trust remains in God rather than in human leaders or institutions, especially when circumstances change?

3. How does the transition from favor to oppression for the Israelites illustrate the impermanence of human favor, and how can this understanding impact our daily lives?

4. What lessons can we learn from the Israelites' experience in Egypt about God's sovereignty and faithfulness during times of trial?

5. How can we, as Christians, influence our communities and leaders to remember and honor the contributions of those who have gone before us, similar to Joseph's legacy in Egypt?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 41-50
These chapters provide the background of Joseph's rise to power in Egypt and his role in saving the nation from famine, setting the stage for the Israelites' initial prosperity in Egypt.

Acts 7:18-19
Stephen's speech before the Sanhedrin references this change in leadership, emphasizing the shift from Joseph's favor to the Israelites' oppression.

Psalm 105:23-25
This Psalm recounts Israel's history, including their time in Egypt, and highlights God's sovereignty even in times of oppression.