Exodus 1:18

So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, "Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?"

Study Bible

So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives
The phrase begins with the action of the king of Egypt, who is often identified as Pharaoh. In the Hebrew text, the word for "king" is "melek," which signifies a ruler with absolute authority. The summoning of the midwives indicates a direct confrontation, highlighting the gravity of the situation. Historically, Pharaohs were seen as divine figures, and their commands were expected to be obeyed without question. The midwives, Shiphrah and Puah, are called to account for their actions, which defied the king's edict. This sets the stage for a narrative of civil disobedience rooted in faith and moral conviction.

and asked them
The Hebrew verb "amar" is used here, which means "to say" or "to ask." This implies a dialogue, a moment of inquiry where the king seeks an explanation. The use of this verb suggests a moment of tension, as the midwives are questioned by the most powerful man in the land. It is a pivotal moment where the midwives must stand firm in their convictions. This interaction underscores the theme of courage in the face of oppressive power, a recurring motif in the biblical narrative.

'Why have you done this?'
The question posed by Pharaoh is direct and accusatory. The Hebrew word "madua" translates to "why," indicating a demand for justification. This reflects Pharaoh's incredulity and frustration at the midwives' actions. The midwives' defiance is a significant act of resistance against an unjust decree. In the broader biblical context, this question highlights the moral dilemma faced by those who choose to follow God's law over human edicts. It is a moment that calls for discernment and faithfulness.

Why have you let the boys live?
This phrase reveals the heart of Pharaoh's concern: the survival of the Hebrew male infants. The Hebrew word "chayah" means "to live" or "to preserve life." Pharaoh's question underscores his fear of the growing Hebrew population, which he perceives as a threat to his power. The midwives' decision to let the boys live is an act of defiance that aligns with God's command to value and preserve life. This act of preservation is a testament to their faith and reverence for God, who is the ultimate giver of life. In the biblical narrative, this moment foreshadows God's deliverance of His people and His sovereignty over the plans of earthly rulers.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt who felt threatened by the growing population of the Israelites and ordered the Hebrew midwives to kill all newborn Hebrew boys.

2. Hebrew Midwives
Specifically, Shiphrah and Puah, who were ordered by Pharaoh to kill the male Hebrew infants but feared God and did not comply.

3. Israelites in Egypt
The descendants of Jacob who were living in Egypt and had grown numerous, causing concern for Pharaoh.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites were living in bondage and where the events of Exodus 1 take place.

5. God
The ultimate authority whom the Hebrew midwives feared and obeyed over Pharaoh.

Teaching Points

Fear of God Over Fear of Man
The Hebrew midwives demonstrate the importance of fearing God above human authorities. This reverence for God should guide our decisions, especially when human commands conflict with divine principles.

Courage in Obedience
The midwives' courage in defying Pharaoh's orders shows the strength that comes from trusting in God. Believers are called to stand firm in their faith, even when facing opposition.

God's Sovereignty and Protection
Despite Pharaoh's attempts to suppress the Israelites, God's plan for His people prevails. This reminds us of God's sovereignty and His ability to protect and prosper His people against all odds.

Moral Integrity
The midwives' actions highlight the importance of maintaining moral integrity and righteousness, even when pressured to do wrong.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the fear of God influence the decisions we make in our daily lives, especially when they conflict with societal or governmental pressures?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage in our faith like the Hebrew midwives did, particularly in situations where our beliefs are challenged?

3. How does the account of the Hebrew midwives encourage us to trust in God's sovereignty and protection in our own lives?

4. What are some modern-day examples where believers might face similar moral dilemmas as the midwives, and how should they respond?

5. How can we apply the principle of fearing God over man in our workplaces, communities, and families?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12:2-3
God's promise to Abraham about making his descendants a great nation, which is being fulfilled as the Israelites multiply in Egypt.

Acts 5:29
The apostles' declaration to obey God rather than men, similar to the midwives' decision to fear God over Pharaoh.

Proverbs 9:10
The fear of the Lord as the beginning of wisdom, exemplified by the midwives' actions.