Exodus 1:19

The midwives answered Pharaoh, "The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before a midwife arrives."

Study Bible

The midwives answered Pharaoh
This phrase introduces the response of the Hebrew midwives to Pharaoh, the ruler of Egypt. The midwives, Shiphrah and Puah, are named earlier in the chapter and are tasked with a morally challenging situation. The Hebrew word for "midwives" is "מְיַלְּדֹת" (meyalledot), which signifies their role as life-givers and caretakers in the community. Their courage to speak to Pharaoh, a figure of immense power, highlights their faith and moral conviction. Historically, Pharaohs were considered divine or semi-divine figures, making this interaction even more significant. The midwives' response is a testament to their fear of God over the fear of man, a recurring theme in Scripture that encourages believers to prioritize divine commands over human authority.

Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women
This phrase draws a distinction between the Hebrew and Egyptian women, emphasizing the vitality and resilience of the Hebrew women. The Hebrew word for "Hebrew" is "עִבְרִיּוֹת" (ivriyot), which connects to the identity of the Israelites as God's chosen people. The midwives' statement may reflect a cultural perception or stereotype of the time, but it also serves as a strategic response to Pharaoh's command. By highlighting the differences, the midwives cleverly avoid directly disobeying Pharaoh while protecting the Hebrew infants. This phrase underscores the theme of God's providence and protection over His people, as He equips them with wisdom to navigate oppressive circumstances.

for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive
The word "vigorous" is translated from the Hebrew "חָיוֹת" (chayot), which can mean lively or robust. This description of the Hebrew women suggests a supernatural strength and vitality, possibly implying divine intervention in preserving the Hebrew children. The phrase "give birth before the midwives arrive" indicates the quickness and ease of the births, which could be seen as a miraculous occurrence orchestrated by God to thwart Pharaoh's plans. This part of the verse highlights God's sovereignty and His ability to protect and sustain His people even in the face of systemic oppression. It serves as an inspiration for believers to trust in God's timing and provision, knowing that He is always at work behind the scenes to fulfill His purposes.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Hebrew Midwives
Shiphrah and Puah, the midwives mentioned earlier in Exodus 1, who feared God and defied Pharaoh's orders to kill Hebrew male infants.

2. Pharaoh
The king of Egypt who ordered the killing of Hebrew male infants to suppress the growing population of the Israelites.

3. Hebrew Women
The Israelite women described as vigorous, giving birth before the midwives could arrive.

4. Egypt
The land where the Israelites were enslaved and where these events took place.

5. God's Providence
The underlying theme of God's protection and providence for His people, even in dire circumstances.

Teaching Points

Fear of God Over Fear of Man
The midwives' actions demonstrate the importance of fearing God above all earthly authorities. This reverence for God should guide our decisions, especially when faced with moral dilemmas.

Courage in Adversity
The midwives showed remarkable courage in the face of potential punishment. Believers are called to stand firm in their convictions, trusting in God's protection and provision.

Value of Life
The midwives' respect for life reflects the biblical principle of the sanctity of life. Christians are called to uphold and protect life in all its stages.

God's Sovereignty and Providence
Despite Pharaoh's oppressive plans, God's purposes prevailed. This reminds us that God is sovereign and His plans cannot be thwarted by human schemes.

Role of Women in God's Plan
The midwives played a crucial role in God's redemptive history, highlighting the significant contributions of women in the biblical account and in the church today.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the fear of God influence our daily decisions, especially when they conflict with societal norms or authorities?

2. In what ways can we demonstrate courage in our faith when faced with opposition or persecution?

3. How does the account of the midwives challenge us to value and protect life in our communities?

4. What are some examples of God's providence in your life, and how do they encourage you to trust Him more fully?

5. How can we recognize and support the roles of women in our church and community, following the example of the Hebrew midwives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 12:3
God's promise to Abraham that He would bless those who bless him and curse those who curse him, showing God's protection over the Israelites.

Acts 5:29
The apostles' declaration to obey God rather than men, similar to the midwives' decision to fear God over Pharaoh.

Proverbs 9:10
The fear of the Lord as the beginning of wisdom, which the midwives exemplified in their actions.

Psalm 139:13-16
God's intimate involvement in the creation of life, highlighting the sanctity of life that the midwives upheld.

Hebrews 11:23
The faith of Moses' parents in hiding him, paralleling the faith and courage of the midwives.