Acts 20:21
testifying to Jews and Greeks alike about repentance to God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ.
testifying
The Greek word used here is "διαμαρτυρόμενος" (diamartyromenos), which conveys a sense of solemnly affirming or bearing witness. In the context of the early church, this term underscores the apostolic mission to proclaim the truth of the Gospel with conviction and authority. The act of testifying is not merely sharing information but is a profound declaration of truth that demands a response. It reflects the responsibility of believers to be witnesses of Christ's work in their lives, echoing the Great Commission to spread the Gospel to all nations.

to Jews and Greeks alike
This phrase highlights the universal scope of the Gospel message. "Jews" refers to the descendants of Abraham, the chosen people of God, who were given the Law and the Prophets. "Greeks" is a term often used to represent Gentiles or non-Jews, encompassing the broader Hellenistic world. The inclusion of both groups signifies the breaking down of ethnic and cultural barriers through Christ. Historically, this was a radical concept, as Jews and Gentiles had distinct religious and social practices. The early church's mission to both groups illustrates the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that all nations would be blessed through his seed (Genesis 22:18).

about repentance to God
The Greek word for repentance is "μετάνοια" (metanoia), which means a change of mind or turning away from sin. Repentance is a foundational aspect of the Christian faith, signifying a complete transformation of heart and mind towards God. It involves recognizing one's sinfulness, feeling genuine sorrow, and making a conscious decision to turn away from sin and towards God. This concept is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, where prophets called Israel to return to God. In the New Testament, John the Baptist and Jesus Himself preached repentance as essential for entering the Kingdom of God.

and faith in our Lord Jesus
Faith, or "πίστις" (pistis) in Greek, is a firm belief and trust in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. It is not merely intellectual assent but involves a personal commitment and reliance on Christ's redemptive work. The phrase "our Lord Jesus" emphasizes the personal relationship believers have with Christ, acknowledging His lordship and divinity. This faith is the means by which believers receive salvation, as articulated in Ephesians 2:8-9, where it is described as a gift from God. The combination of repentance and faith encapsulates the response required for salvation, highlighting the transformative power of the Gospel in reconciling humanity to God.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Paul the Apostle
The primary speaker in Acts 20, Paul is addressing the Ephesian elders, summarizing his ministry and emphasizing the core message he preached.

2. Ephesus
A significant city in the Roman province of Asia, where Paul spent considerable time preaching and teaching, establishing a strong Christian community.

3. Jews and Greeks
Represents the universal scope of Paul's ministry, indicating that the message of the Gospel is for all people, regardless of ethnic or cultural background.

4. Repentance and Faith
Central themes of Paul's message, emphasizing a turning away from sin and a turning towards God through faith in Jesus Christ.

5. The Lord Jesus
The focal point of Christian faith, whose life, death, and resurrection are the foundation of the Gospel message Paul preached.
Teaching Points
Universal Call to Repentance and Faith
The Gospel message is for everyone, regardless of background. We are called to share this message with all people, just as Paul did.

Repentance as a Turning Point
True repentance involves a change of mind and heart, turning away from sin and towards God. It is a necessary step in the Christian journey.

Faith in Jesus as the Foundation
Our faith must be rooted in Jesus Christ, acknowledging Him as Lord and Savior. This faith is not just intellectual assent but a trust that transforms our lives.

The Role of Testimony in Evangelism
Like Paul, we are called to testify about our faith, sharing our personal experiences of repentance and faith with others.

The Importance of Sound Doctrine
Understanding and teaching the core elements of the Gospel—repentance and faith—are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the Christian message.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Paul's message in Acts 20:21 reflect the inclusivity of the Gospel? How can we apply this in our own evangelistic efforts?

2. What does true repentance look like in a believer's life, and how can we ensure it is a genuine turning towards God?

3. In what ways can we strengthen our faith in the Lord Jesus, and how does this faith impact our daily lives?

4. How can we effectively share our testimony of repentance and faith with others, following Paul's example?

5. What are some practical ways to ensure that our understanding and teaching of the Gospel remain true to the core message of repentance and faith?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Luke 24:47
Jesus instructs that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be preached in His name to all nations, echoing the universal call to repentance and faith found in Acts 20:21.

Romans 1:16
Paul declares the Gospel as the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, then to the Greek, reinforcing the inclusive nature of the Gospel message.

Hebrews 6:1
Discusses the foundational teachings of repentance from dead works and faith toward God, aligning with the core message Paul shared in Acts 20:21.
Paul At Miletus; the Substance of Christian DoctrineW. Clarkson Acts 20:21
The Ambassador's MessageR.A. Redford Acts 20:21
Two Essential ThingsCharles Haddon Spurgeon Acts 20:21
Paul At Miletus: the Review Which GratifiesW. Clarkson Acts 20:17, 20, 27, 31, 33-35
Mingled Fidelity and Tenderness: an Example for Christian MinistersP.C. Barker Acts 20:17-36
Last WordsR.A. Redford Acts 20:17-38
Paul's Farewell to the Elders of EphesusE. Johnson Acts 20:17-38
Paul's Method of PreachingN. Emmons, D. D.Acts 20:20-21
Repentance and FaithE. Jacox, B. A.Acts 20:20-21
Repentance and FaithJ. M'Cosh, D. D.Acts 20:20-21
Reticence AvoidedDean Plumptre.Acts 20:20-21
St. Paul's MinistryJ. W. Burn.Acts 20:20-21
The Apostle's TestimonyT. Colclough.Acts 20:20-21
The Man and the DoctrineJ. Parker, D. D.Acts 20:20-21
Two Necessary Things for AllLisco.Acts 20:20-21
Paul's TestimonyR. Tuck Acts 20:21, 24
People
Aristarchus, Asians, Eutychus, Gaius, Paul, Secundus, Sopater, Thessalonians, Timotheus, Timothy, Trophimus, Tychicus
Places
Asia, Assos, Chios, Derbe, Ephesus, Greece, Jerusalem, Macedonia, Miletus, Mitylene, Philippi, Samos, Syria, Troas
Topics
Believing, Christ, Faith, Fully, Greeks, Heart, Jews, Necessity, Preaching, Reformation, Repentance, Solemnly, Testifying, Towards, Turn, Turning, Urging
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Acts 20:21

     2224   Christ, the Lord
     2425   gospel, requirements
     6617   atonement, in NT
     6733   repentance, nature of
     7535   Greeks
     8023   faith, necessity
     8489   urgency

Acts 20:17-21

     5109   Paul, apostle

Acts 20:17-38

     7720   elders, in the church

Acts 20:18-21

     8820   self-confidence

Library
This Person Differs in Nothing
This Person differs in nothing, from the Father, but only in this that He is begotten of Him. He is Eternal with the Father, as glorious and as intelligent. He is of the same mind in everything in all worlds, loveth the same objects in as infinite a measure. Is the means by which the Father loveth, acteth, createth, redeemeth, governeth, and perfecteth all things. And the means also by which we see and love the Father: our strength and our eternity. He is the Mediator between God and His creatures.
Thomas Traherne—Centuries of Meditations

January 19 Morning
Serving the Lord with all humility of mind.--ACTS 20:19. Whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister; and whosoever will be chief among you, let him be your servant: even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. If a man think himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself.--I say, through the grace given unto me, to every man, . . . not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think; but
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

April 26 Evening
Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners?--SONG 6:10. The church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood. Christ loved the church, and gave himself for it; that he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word, that he might present it to himself a glorious church, not having spot, or wrinkle, or any such thing; but that it should be holy and without blemish. There appeared a great wonder
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

February 9. "None of These Things Move Me" (Acts xx. 24).
"None of these things move me" (Acts xx. 24). The best evidence of God's presence is the devil's growl. So wrote good Mr. Spurgeon once in "The Sword and the Trowel," and that little sentence has helped many a tried and tired child Of God to stand fast and even rejoice under the fiercest attacks of the foe. We read in the book of Samuel that the moment that David was crowned at Hebron, "All the Philistines came up to seek David." And the moment we get anything from the Lord worth contending for,
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

December 29. "I have not Shunned to Declare unto You all the Counsel of God" (Acts xx. 27).
"I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God" (Acts xx. 27). It is probable that God lets every human being, that crosses our path, meet us, in order that we may have the opportunity of leaving some blessing in his path, and dropping into his heart and life some influence that will draw him nearer to God. It would be blessed, indeed, if we could meet every immortal soul, at last, that we have ever touched in the path of life, and truly say, "I am pure from the blood of all men."
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

March 7. "It is More Blessed to Give than to Receive" (Acts xx. 35).
"It is more blessed to give than to receive" (Acts xx. 35). How shall we know the difference between the earthly and the heavenly love? The one terminates on ourselves and is partly ourself seeking its own gratification. The other reaches out to God and others, and finds its joy in glorifying Him and blessing them. Love is unselfishness, and the love that is not unselfish is not divine. How much do we pray for others, and how much for ourselves? What is the center of our being? Ourselves, or our
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

A Fulfilled Aspiration
'So that I might finish my course....'--ACTS xx. 24. 'I have finished my course....'--2 TIM. iv. 7. I do not suppose that Paul in prison, and within sight of martyrdom, remembered his words at Ephesus. But the fact that what was aspiration whilst he was in the very thick of his difficulties came to be calm retrospect at the close is to me very beautiful and significant. 'So that I may finish my course,' said he wistfully; whilst before him there lay dangers clearly discerned and others that had all
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Parting Words [Footnote: Preached Prior to a Long Absence in Australia. ]
'And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of His grace....'--ACTS xx. 32. I may be pardoned if my remarks now should assume somewhat of a more personal character than is my wont. I desire to speak mainly to my own friends, the members of my own congregation; and other friends who have come to give me a parting 'Godspeed' will forgive me if my observations have a more special bearing on those with whom I am more immediately connected. The Apostle whose words I have taken for my text
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

The Blessedness of Giving
'...It is more blessed to give than to receive.'--ACTS xx. 35. How 'many other things Jesus did' and said 'which are not written in this book'! Here is one precious unrecorded word, which was floating down to the ocean of oblivion when Paul drew it to shore and so enriched the world. There is, however, a saying recorded, which is essentially parallel in content though differing in garb, 'The Son of Man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister.' It is tempting to think that the text gives a
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Parting Counsels
'And now, behold, I go bound in the spirit unto Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there: 23. Save that the Holy Ghost witnesseth in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions abide me. 24. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel of the grace of God. 25. And now, behold, I know that ye all, among whom I have gone preaching
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: The Acts

Christian Perfection
"Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect." Phil. 3:12. 1. There is scarce any expression in Holy Writ which has given more offence than this. The word perfect is what many cannot bear. The very sound of it is an abomination to them. And whosoever preaches perfection (as the phrase is,) that is, asserts that it is attainable in this life, runs great hazard of being accounted by them worse than a heathen man or a publican. 2. And hence some have advised, wholly to lay aside
John Wesley—Sermons on Several Occasions

Two Essential Things
Paul testified concerning "repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ"; by which I understand that, as an ambassador for Christ, he assured the people that through repentance and faith they would receive salvation. He taught in God's name mercy through the atoning sacrifice to all who would quit their sin and follow the Lord Jesus. With many tears he added his own personal testimony to his official statement. He could truly say, "I have repented, and I do repent"; and he could
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 35: 1889

The Minister's Farewell
WHEN Paul was parting from his Ephesian friends, who had come to bid him farewell at Miletus, he did not request of them a commendation of his ability; he did not request of them a recommendation for his fervid eloquence, his profound learning, his comprehensive thought, or his penetrating judgment. He knew right well that he might have credit for all these, and yet be found a castaway at last. He required a witness which would be valid in the court of heaven, and of value in a dying hour. His one
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 6: 1860

On Sleeping in Church
"And there sat in the window a certain young man named Eutychus, being fallen into a deep sleep; and while Paul was long preaching, he sunk down with sleep, and fell down from the third loft, and was taken up dead."--Acts xx. 9. I have chosen these words with design, if possible, to disturb some part in this audience of half an hour's sleep, for the convenience and exercise whereof this place, at this season of the day, is very much celebrated. There is indeed one mortal disadvantage to which all
Jonathan Swift—Three Sermons, Three Prayers

It is Also Plain that the Public Prayers are not to be Couched in Greek...
It is also plain that the public prayers are not to be couched in Greek among the Latins, nor in Latin among the French or English (as hitherto has been every where practised), but in the vulgar tongue, so that all present may understand them, since they ought to be used for the edification of the whole Church, which cannot be in the least degree benefited by a sound not understood. Those who are not moved by any reason of humanity or charity, ought at least to be somewhat moved by the authority
John Calvin—Of Prayer--A Perpetual Exercise of Faith

Our Inheritance
"And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified."--Acts 20:32. "And inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me."--Acts 26:18. "For this is the will of God, even your sanctification."--1 Thess. 4:3. "That ye be not slothful, but followers of them who through faith and patience inherit the promises. For when God made promise to Abraham, because he could swear
J. W. Byers—Sanctification

The New Crusade --Serampore and the Brotherhood
1800 Effects of the news in England on the Baptists--On the home churches--In the foundation of the London and other Missionary Societies--In Scotland--In Holland and America--The missionary home--Joshua Marshman, William Ward, and two others sent out--Landing at the Iona of Southern Asia--Meeting of Ward and Carey--First attempt to evangelise the non-Aryan hill tribes--Carey driven by providences to Serampore--Dense population of Hoogli district--Adapts his communistic plan to the new conditions--Purchase
George Smith—The Life of William Carey

Fac-Similes
OF ANCIENT NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS, TO ILLUSTRATE CHAPTER XXVI., PAGE 380. Most of the following specimens of ancient manuscripts are taken from Scrivener's Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. No. (1) is from Tischendorf s Novum Testamentum Graece ex Sinaitico Codice; Nos. (2) and (11) from Smith's Dictionary of the Bible; and No. (5) from Horne's Introduction, Vol. IV. No. (1). PLATE I. SINAI CODEX, Century IV. Heb. 12:27-29. Notice the occasional use of very small letters. In
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

The Epistles of Paul
Paulos genomeno; megistos; hupogrammos. (Clement of Rome.) Comp. §§ 29-36 and 71. General Character. Paul was the greatest worker among the apostles, not only as a missionary, but also as a writer. He "labored more than all." And we may well include in this "all" the whole body of theologians who came after him; for where shall we find an equal wealth of the profoundest thoughts on the highest themes as in Paul? We have from him thirteen Epistles; how many more were lost, we cannot even
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Moreover, if Discourse must be Bestowed Upon Any...
21. Moreover, if discourse must be bestowed upon any, and this so take up the speaker that he have not time to work with his hands, are all in the monastery able to hold discourse unto brethren which come unto them from another kind of life, whether it be to expound the divine lessons, or concerning any questions which may be put, to reason in an wholesome manner? Then since not all have the ability, why upon this pretext do all want to have nothing else to do? Although even if all were able, they
St. Augustine—Of the Work of Monks.

Whether Men are Bound to Pay Tithes under a Necessity of Precept?
Objection 1: It would seem that men are not bound by precept to pay tithes. The commandment to pay tithes is contained in the Old Law (Lev. 27:30), "All tithes of the land, whether of corn or of the fruits of trees, are the Lord's," and further on (Lev. 27:32): "Of all the tithes of oxen and sheep and goats, that pass under the shepherd's rod, every tenth that cometh shall be sanctified to the Lord." This cannot be reckoned among the moral precepts, because natural reason does not dictate that one
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Whether it is Lawful for Religious to Live on Alms?
Objection 1: It would seem unlawful for religious to live on alms. For the Apostle (1 Tim. 5:16) forbids those widows who have other means of livelihood to live on the alms of the Church, so that the Church may have "sufficient for them that are widows indeed." And Jerome says to Pope Damasus [*Cf. Cf. Can. Clericos, cause. i, qu. 2; Can. Quoniam, cause xvi, qu. 1; Regul. Monach. iv among the supposititious works of St. Jerome] that "those who have sufficient income from their parents and their own
Saint Thomas Aquinas—Summa Theologica

Regeneration by Faith. Of Repentance.
1. Connection of this chapter with the previous one and the subsequent chapters. Repentance follows faith, and is produced by it. Reason. Error of those who take a contrary view. 2. Their First Objection. Answer. In what sense the origin of Repentance ascribed to Faith. Cause of the erroneous idea that faith is produced by repentance. Refutation of it. The hypocrisy of Monks and Anabaptists in assigning limits to repentance exposed. 3. A second opinion concerning repentance considered. 4. A third
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

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