Acts 10:28

He said to them, "You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.

Study Bible

He said to them
This phrase introduces the speaker, Peter, who is addressing a group of people. In the context of Acts 10, Peter is speaking to Cornelius and his household. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is a common verb used in the New Testament to denote speaking or declaring. This sets the stage for an important revelation and teaching moment, as Peter is about to convey a significant message from God.

You know how unlawful it is
The phrase "unlawful" comes from the Greek word "ἀθέμιτος" (athemitos), which means something that is forbidden or against custom. In Jewish tradition, it was considered improper for a Jew to associate closely with Gentiles. This reflects the deep-seated cultural and religious barriers that existed between Jews and Gentiles at the time. Peter acknowledges this societal norm, highlighting the radical nature of what is about to unfold.

for a Jew
The term "Jew" refers to the descendants of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi, who were the primary inhabitants of Judea. In the first-century context, Jews were known for their strict adherence to the Mosaic Law and their separation from Gentile practices. This identity was central to their religious and cultural life, and it often led to a sense of exclusivity.

to associate with
The Greek word used here is "κολλάομαι" (kollao), which means to join closely or to cleave to. This implies more than just casual interaction; it suggests forming a close bond or relationship. The use of this word underscores the depth of the division that Peter is addressing, as Jews were traditionally expected to maintain a distinct separation from Gentiles.

or visit a foreigner
The term "foreigner" is translated from the Greek word "ἀλλόφυλος" (allophylos), meaning someone of another tribe or nation. In the Jewish context, this referred to anyone who was not part of the Jewish people. The act of visiting or entering the home of a Gentile was seen as a breach of purity laws, which further emphasizes the groundbreaking nature of Peter's actions and the message he is about to deliver.

But God has shown me
This phrase marks a pivotal shift in the narrative. The Greek word for "shown" is "ἐδείξατο" (edeixato), which means to reveal or make known. Peter is referring to the vision he received from God, which challenged his previous understanding of Jewish-Gentile relations. This divine revelation is a testament to God's sovereignty and His desire to break down barriers and extend His grace to all people.

that I should not call any man
The phrase "any man" indicates the universality of the message. The Greek word "ἄνθρωπον" (anthropon) is used here, which is a general term for human beings. This signifies that the message of the Gospel is not limited by ethnicity or cultural background. It is a call to recognize the inherent value and dignity of every person as created in the image of God.

impure or unclean
The terms "impure" and "unclean" are translated from the Greek words "κοινόν" (koinon) and "ἀκάθαρτον" (akatharton), respectively. These words were often used in Jewish law to describe things that were ritually defiled or not fit for worship. By stating that no person should be considered impure or unclean, Peter is affirming the transformative power of the Gospel to transcend traditional boundaries and purify all who come to faith in Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Peter
One of Jesus' apostles, who is central to this passage. He is the one receiving the vision and delivering the message.

2. Cornelius
A Roman centurion who is devout and God-fearing, representing the Gentiles in this account.

3. Caesarea
The city where Cornelius resides, a significant location for the early church's expansion to the Gentiles.

4. Vision of the Sheet
Prior to this verse, Peter receives a vision from God, which challenges Jewish dietary laws and symbolizes the acceptance of Gentiles.

5. Gentiles
Non-Jewish people, who were traditionally considered unclean by Jewish law, but are now being included in God's plan of salvation.

Teaching Points

Breaking Down Barriers
Peter's vision and subsequent actions demonstrate God's desire to break down ethnic and cultural barriers within the church. Believers are called to embrace diversity and unity in Christ.

Obedience to God's Revelation
Peter's willingness to act on God's revelation, despite traditional laws, highlights the importance of obedience to God's leading, even when it challenges our preconceived notions.

The Universality of the Gospel
This passage underscores the message that the Gospel is for all people, regardless of their background. Christians are encouraged to share the Gospel with everyone, without prejudice.

Redefining Purity
The vision redefines what is considered pure and impure, emphasizing that God's perspective is not limited by human traditions. Believers should seek God's view on purity and holiness.

God's Sovereignty in Salvation
The inclusion of Gentiles shows God's sovereign plan in salvation history, reminding believers that God is in control and His plans are perfect.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Peter's vision and his interaction with Cornelius challenge traditional Jewish views on purity and association with Gentiles?

2. In what ways can we apply the lesson of breaking down barriers in our own church communities today?

3. How does the inclusion of Gentiles in Acts 10 relate to the promise made to Abraham in Genesis 12:3?

4. What are some modern "unclean" or "impure" labels that we might need to reconsider in light of this passage?

5. How can we ensure that we are obedient to God's revelations, even when they challenge our cultural or traditional beliefs?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 11:1-18
Peter recounts his vision and the events with Cornelius to the Jerusalem church, emphasizing God's acceptance of Gentiles.

Galatians 3:28
Paul speaks about the unity of all believers in Christ, regardless of ethnic or social distinctions.

Ephesians 2:14-18
Paul discusses how Christ has broken down the dividing wall between Jews and Gentiles, creating one new humanity.

Mark 7:18-19
Jesus declares all foods clean, foreshadowing the broader acceptance of Gentiles.

Genesis 12:3
God's promise to Abraham that all nations will be blessed through him, indicating the inclusion of Gentiles in God's plan.