In the biblical context, purity often refers to both physical cleanliness and moral integrity. The concept of purity is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, where it is primarily associated with ritual cleanliness and adherence to the laws given by God. However, the New Testament introduces a redefined understanding of purity, emphasizing the internal condition of the heart over external rituals.

Old Testament Understanding of Purity

In the Old Testament, purity is closely linked to the Levitical laws, which outline various rituals and practices to maintain ceremonial cleanliness. These laws are detailed in books such as Leviticus and Numbers. For instance, Leviticus 11-15 provides extensive instructions on clean and unclean animals, purification after childbirth, and cleansing from skin diseases and bodily discharges. The purpose of these laws was to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation dedicated to God. Leviticus 11:44 states, "For I am the LORD your God; consecrate yourselves therefore, and be holy, because I am holy."

Purity in the Old Testament also extends to moral and ethical behavior. Psalm 24:3-4 asks, "Who may ascend the hill of the LORD? Who may stand in His holy place? He who has clean hands and a pure heart, who does not lift up his soul to an idol or swear deceitfully." Here, purity is not only about ritual cleanliness but also about living a life of integrity and devotion to God.

New Testament Redefinition of Purity

The New Testament shifts the focus from external rituals to the internal state of the heart. Jesus Christ, in His teachings, emphasizes that true purity is a matter of the heart and mind. In Matthew 5:8 , Jesus declares, "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God." This beatitude highlights the importance of inner purity as a prerequisite for experiencing God's presence.

Jesus further challenges the traditional understanding of purity in His interactions with the Pharisees. In Mark 7:14-23 , He teaches that it is not what enters a person from the outside that defiles them, but what comes out from within. He states, "For from within the hearts of men come evil thoughts, sexual immorality, theft, murder, adultery, greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness. All these evils come from within, and these are what defile a man" (Mark 7:21-23). This teaching underscores the importance of inner transformation and moral purity over mere ritual observance.

Purity in the Early Church

The early church continued to emphasize the redefined concept of purity as taught by Jesus. The Apostle Paul, in his letters, frequently addresses the need for believers to live pure and holy lives. In 1 Thessalonians 4:7 , Paul writes, "For God has not called us to impurity, but to holiness." This call to holiness is a call to live in accordance with God's will, reflecting His character in every aspect of life.

Paul also warns against the dangers of impurity and encourages believers to pursue righteousness. In 2 Corinthians 7:1 , he exhorts, "Therefore, beloved, since we have these promises, let us cleanse ourselves from everything that defiles body and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God." This verse highlights the ongoing process of sanctification, where believers are called to continually purify themselves in response to God's grace.

Purity and the Christian Life

For Christians today, the redefined understanding of purity calls for a life that reflects the holiness of God. It involves a commitment to moral integrity, ethical behavior, and a heart that seeks to honor God in all things. The pursuit of purity is not merely about avoiding sin but actively cultivating a relationship with God through prayer, study of Scripture, and obedience to His commands.

In summary, the biblical concept of purity has evolved from a focus on external rituals to an emphasis on the internal condition of the heart. This redefinition, as taught by Jesus and the apostles, calls believers to live lives marked by holiness, integrity, and a deep commitment to God.