Genesis 10:1-19 ▼

1 This is the account of Noah’s (comfort) sons Shem (name), Ham (hot), and Japheth (expand), who also had sons after the flood.

2 The sons of Japheth (expand): Gomer (complete), Magog (land of Gog), Madai (middle land), Javan (Greece), Tubal (brought), Meshech (drawing out), and Tiras (desire).

3 The sons of Gomer (complete): Ashkenaz, Riphath (spoken), and Togarmah (You will break her).

4 And the sons of Javan (Greece): Elishah (God saves), Tarshish (yellow jasper), the Kittites (bruisers), and the Rodanites [Dodanites].

5 From these, the maritime peoples (nations) separated into their territories, according to their languages, by clans within their nations.

6 The sons of Ham (hot): Cush (black), Mizraim (Egypt), Put (a bow), and Canaan (sorrow).

7 The sons of Cush (black): Seba (drink you), Havilah (circle), Sabtah (Sabta), Raamah (horse's mane), and Sabteca (striking). And the sons of Raamah: Sheba (seven) and Dedan (low country).

8 Cush (black) was the father of Nimrod (rebellion), who began to be a mighty one (a mighty warrior) on the earth.

9 He was a mighty hunter before (in defiance of) the LORD {YHWH}; so it is said, “Like Nimrod (rebellion), a mighty hunter before the LORD.”

10 His kingdom began in Babylon (confusion by mixing), Erech (long), Accad (subtle), and Calneh (fortress of Anu), in the land of Shinar (Babylonia).

11 From that land he went forth into Assyria (a step), where he built Nineveh (abode of Ninus), Rehoboth-Ir (broad places of a city), Calah (vigor),

12 and Resen (bridle), which is between Nineveh (abode of Ninus) and the great city of Calah (vigor).

13 Mizraim (land of bondage) was the father of the Ludites (to the firebrands), the Anamites (affliction of the waters), the Lehabites (flames), the Naphtuhites (openings),

14 the Pathrusites, the Casluhites (fortified) (from whom the Philistines (immigrants) came), and the Caphtorites.

15 And Canaan (sorrow) was the father of Sidon (hunting) his firstborn, and of the Hittites (terror),

16 the Jebusites (Jerusalemites), the Amorites (a sayer), the Girgashites (dwelling on clay),

17 the Hivites (villagers), the Arkites, the Sinites,

18 the Arvadites (I shall break loose), the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Later the Canaanite (merchant) clans were scattered,

19 and the borders of Canaan (lowland) extended from Sidon (hunting) toward Gerar (a lodging place) as far as Gaza (the strong), and then toward Sodom (burning), Gomorrah (submersion), Admah (red earth), and Zeboiim (gazelles), as far as Lasha (fissure).