Mary, the mother of Jesus, holds a significant place in Christian theology and history. Her role is multifaceted, encompassing her life as a devout Jewish woman, her divine selection as the mother of the Messiah, and her ongoing influence in the early Christian community.

1. Annunciation and Divine Selection

Mary's role begins with the Annunciation, where the angel Gabriel visits her in Nazareth. In Luke 1:28-31 , Gabriel greets her, saying, "Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you." He then announces that she will conceive and bear a son, Jesus, who will be called the Son of the Most High. Mary's response, "I am the Lord’s servant... May it happen to me according to your word" (Luke 1:38), exemplifies her obedience and faith.

2. Virgin Birth

The doctrine of the Virgin Birth is central to Mary's role. As prophesied in Isaiah 7:14 and fulfilled in Matthew 1:23 , "The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call Him Immanuel" (which means, "God with us"). This miraculous event underscores the divine nature of Jesus and Mary's unique position as the mother of God incarnate.

3. Mary in the Life of Jesus

Mary's presence is noted throughout Jesus' life. She is present at the Nativity (Luke 2:7), the presentation at the temple (Luke 2:22-35), and the finding of Jesus in the temple (Luke 2:41-52). At the wedding in Cana, Mary intercedes with Jesus, leading to His first miracle (John 2:1-11). Her role as a supportive and nurturing mother is evident, yet she also recognizes His divine mission.

4. Witness to the Crucifixion and Resurrection

Mary's role extends to the crucifixion, where she stands by the cross of Jesus (John 19:25). Jesus, acknowledging her enduring faithfulness, entrusts her to the care of the beloved disciple, saying, "Woman, here is your son" (John 19:26). This act signifies her continued importance within the Christian community. Mary is also present with the disciples after the resurrection, praying in the upper room (Acts 1:14).

5. Mary in Early Christian Tradition

In the early church, Mary is revered as a model of faith and obedience. Her role as Theotokos, or "God-bearer," is affirmed in the Council of Ephesus (AD 431), emphasizing her integral part in the mystery of the Incarnation. Her life exemplifies humility, devotion, and unwavering trust in God's plan.

6. Theological Significance

Mary's role is not only historical but also theological. She is seen as the new Eve, whose obedience contrasts with Eve's disobedience, thus playing a part in the redemption narrative. Her Magnificat (Luke 1:46-55) reflects her deep understanding of God's mercy and justice, highlighting her prophetic voice.

Mary's role in the Bible and Christian tradition is profound, serving as a testament to her faith and the divine purpose she fulfilled. Her life and actions continue to inspire believers, offering a model of discipleship and devotion to God's will.