In the biblical narrative, the term "The Nations Around" refers to the various peoples and kingdoms that surrounded the land of Israel throughout its history. These nations played significant roles in the unfolding account of the Israelites, often serving as instruments of God's judgment, sources of temptation, or objects of Israel's mission to be a light to the Gentiles.

Geographical Context

The land of Israel was strategically located at the crossroads of major ancient civilizations, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, the Arabian Desert to the east, and significant empires to the north and south. This positioning made Israel a focal point of interaction with surrounding nations, including Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Moab, Ammon, Edom, Philistia, and others.

Historical Interactions

1. Egypt: One of the most prominent nations in biblical history, Egypt was both a place of refuge and oppression for the Israelites. The account of the Exodus, where God delivered the Israelites from Egyptian bondage, is a foundational narrative (Exodus 12:40-42). Egypt is often depicted as a symbol of worldly power and idolatry.

2. Assyria and Babylon: These empires were instruments of divine judgment against Israel and Judah due to their disobedience. The Assyrian conquest led to the fall of the Northern Kingdom of Israel in 722 BC (2 Kings 17:6), while Babylonian forces destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple in 586 BC, leading to the Babylonian Exile (2 Kings 25:8-11).

3. Moab, Ammon, and Edom: These nations, often related to Israel through common ancestry, frequently engaged in hostilities with the Israelites. The Moabites and Ammonites were descendants of Lot (Genesis 19:36-38), while the Edomites descended from Esau, Jacob's brother (Genesis 36:1). Their interactions with Israel ranged from conflict to temporary alliances.

4. Philistia: The Philistines were a constant threat during the period of the Judges and the early monarchy. Notable biblical figures such as Samson (Judges 13-16) and David (1 Samuel 17) had significant encounters with the Philistines, who were known for their military prowess and idolatrous practices.

Theological Significance

The nations surrounding Israel are often depicted as both adversaries and instruments in God's sovereign plan. They serve as a backdrop against which Israel's faithfulness and unfaithfulness are highlighted. The prophets frequently pronounced judgments against these nations, emphasizing God's sovereignty over all peoples and His ultimate plan for redemption.

For instance, the prophet Isaiah declared God's judgment on Babylon, asserting that despite its power, it would fall (Isaiah 13:19). Similarly, the book of Obadiah prophesied against Edom for its pride and hostility towards Israel (Obadiah 1:3-4).

Mission to the Nations

Despite the frequent hostilities, the biblical narrative also includes a vision of hope and redemption for the nations. Israel was called to be a "light to the nations" (Isaiah 49:6), and the ultimate fulfillment of this mission is seen in the New Testament with the Great Commission, where Jesus commands His followers to make disciples of all nations (Matthew 28:19).

The nations around Israel, therefore, are integral to understanding the broader biblical theme of God's redemptive plan for humanity, highlighting both the challenges and the opportunities for Israel to fulfill its calling as God's chosen people.