The anointing of Aaron and his sons marks a significant event in the establishment of the Levitical priesthood, as ordained by God through Moses. This event is detailed primarily in the Book of Exodus and the Book of Leviticus, where God provides specific instructions for consecrating Aaron and his sons to serve as priests in the tabernacle.

Biblical Context

The anointing ceremony is part of the broader narrative of the Israelites' journey from Egypt to the Promised Land, during which God establishes a covenant with His people and provides them with laws and instructions for worship. The priesthood is central to this covenant, serving as the mediators between God and the Israelites.

Instructions for Anointing

In Exodus 28 and 29, God commands Moses to consecrate Aaron and his sons for the priesthood. Exodus 28:41 states, "After you put these clothes on your brother Aaron and his sons, anoint and ordain them. Consecrate them, so they may serve Me as priests." The anointing involves several key elements:

1. Sacred Garments: Aaron and his sons are to wear specific garments, including the ephod, breastpiece, robe, tunic, turban, and sash, as described in Exodus 28. These garments symbolize their holy service and set them apart for their sacred duties.

2. Anointing Oil: The anointing oil, a sacred blend of spices and olive oil, is used to consecrate the priests and the tabernacle. Exodus 30:30 instructs, "Anoint Aaron and his sons and consecrate them to serve Me as priests."

3. Sacrificial Offerings: The consecration ceremony includes a series of sacrifices, including a bull for a sin offering and two rams, one for a burnt offering and the other for ordination. These sacrifices atone for sin and symbolize the dedication of the priests to God.

4. Ritual Washing: Before donning their sacred garments, Aaron and his sons are to be washed with water at the entrance to the tent of meeting, signifying purification and readiness for service.

Significance of the Anointing

The anointing of Aaron and his sons is a pivotal moment in the establishment of the Levitical priesthood. It signifies their divine appointment and sets them apart for the holy task of ministering before God on behalf of the people. The anointing oil represents the Holy Spirit's empowerment and presence, enabling them to fulfill their duties.

The Role of the Priests

As priests, Aaron and his sons are responsible for performing sacrifices, maintaining the tabernacle, and teaching the Israelites God's laws. They serve as intermediaries, offering sacrifices to atone for the sins of the people and interceding on their behalf.

Theological Implications

The anointing of Aaron and his sons foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who fulfills and surpasses the Levitical priesthood. Hebrews 4:14-16 speaks of Jesus as the "great high priest who has passed through the heavens," emphasizing His role as the perfect mediator between God and humanity.

Conclusion

The anointing of Aaron and his sons is a foundational event in the history of Israel's worship, establishing the priesthood as a vital component of the covenant relationship between God and His people. Through this consecration, God provides a means for His people to approach Him, foreshadowing the ultimate reconciliation through Christ.