The concept of the altar holds a significant place in biblical theology and practice, serving as a central element in the worship and religious life of God's people. Throughout the Scriptures, altars are depicted as sacred spaces where individuals and communities encounter God, offer sacrifices, and commemorate divine interventions.

Old Testament Foundations

In the Old Testament, altars are first mentioned in the context of the patriarchs. Noah, after the flood, built an altar to the LORD and offered burnt offerings on it (Genesis 8:20). This act of worship was met with divine favor, as God promised never to curse the ground again on account of man. Similarly, Abraham constructed altars at key moments in his journey, such as at Shechem and Bethel, where he "called on the name of the LORD" (Genesis 12:7-8). These altars symbolized Abraham's faith and his covenant relationship with God.

The Mosaic Law further institutionalized the use of altars in Israel's worship. The altar of burnt offering, located in the Tabernacle's courtyard, was central to the sacrificial system. Exodus 27:1-8 provides detailed instructions for its construction, emphasizing its role in atonement and reconciliation with God. The altar was a place where the Israelites could present their offerings, seek forgiveness, and express devotion.

Symbolism and Function

Altars in the Old Testament served multiple purposes. They were places of sacrifice, where offerings were made to atone for sin and express gratitude. Leviticus 1-7 outlines various types of sacrifices, including burnt offerings, peace offerings, and sin offerings, each with specific regulations and symbolic meanings. The altar was also a place of prayer and intercession, as seen in the account of Elijah on Mount Carmel, where he repaired the altar of the LORD and prayed for divine intervention (1 Kings 18:30-39).

Moreover, altars were memorials of God's faithfulness and acts of deliverance. Jacob set up a stone pillar at Bethel, calling it "God's house," after his vision of the ladder reaching to heaven (Genesis 28:18-22). Similarly, Joshua built an altar on Mount Ebal as a witness to the covenant renewal ceremony (Joshua 8:30-35).

New Testament Perspective

In the New Testament, the physical altar's role diminishes as the focus shifts to the spiritual significance of Christ's sacrifice. Jesus is portrayed as the ultimate sacrifice, fulfilling the Old Testament sacrificial system. Hebrews 13:10-12 speaks of an altar from which those who serve the tabernacle have no right to eat, highlighting the new covenant established through Christ's atoning work.

While the New Testament does not emphasize physical altars, the concept of offering oneself as a living sacrifice becomes central to Christian worship. Romans 12:1 urges believers to "present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God," indicating a shift from external rituals to internal devotion and obedience.

Theological Implications

The altar as a place of worship underscores the importance of sacrifice, covenant, and divine encounter in the biblical narrative. It reflects the holiness of God and the need for atonement, pointing ultimately to the redemptive work of Christ. The altar serves as a reminder of God's presence and faithfulness, inviting believers to approach Him with reverence, gratitude, and a heart of worship.