Cultural influence refers to the impact that the prevailing customs, beliefs, and practices of a society have on individuals and communities. In the context of the Bible, cultural influence is a significant theme, as the Scriptures were written in specific historical and cultural settings, yet they transcend these contexts to speak to all generations.

Old Testament Context

In the Old Testament, the Israelites were often warned against adopting the practices of surrounding nations. God called them to be a distinct people, set apart for His purposes. In Leviticus 18:3-4 , God commands, "You must not follow the practices of the land of Egypt, where you used to live, or follow the practices of the land of Canaan, where I am bringing you. You must not walk in their customs. You are to practice My judgments and keep My statutes by walking in them. I am the LORD your God."

The influence of foreign cultures often led Israel into idolatry and disobedience. For example, the worship of Baal and Asherah, prevalent among the Canaanites, became a recurring snare for the Israelites (Judges 2:11-13). The prophets frequently called the people back to faithfulness, urging them to reject foreign gods and practices (Jeremiah 10:2).

New Testament Context

In the New Testament, the early church faced cultural influences from both Jewish traditions and Greco-Roman society. The Apostle Paul addressed these challenges, emphasizing the transformative power of the Gospel to transcend cultural barriers. In Romans 12:2 , Paul exhorts believers, "Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to discern what is the good, pleasing, and perfect will of God."

The early Christians were called to live counter-culturally, demonstrating the values of the Kingdom of God. This often meant rejecting societal norms that were contrary to Christian teachings, such as the worship of Roman deities or participation in immoral practices (1 Peter 4:3-4).

Cultural Engagement and Discernment

The Bible encourages believers to engage with their culture thoughtfully and discerningly. While Christians are called to be in the world, they are not to be of the world (John 17:14-16). This involves a careful balance of being salt and light (Matthew 5:13-16), influencing society positively while maintaining distinctiveness in values and conduct.

The Apostle Paul provides a model for cultural engagement in Acts 17, where he addresses the Athenians at the Areopagus. He acknowledges their religious practices and uses them as a starting point to proclaim the Gospel, demonstrating respect and understanding of their culture while pointing them to the truth of Christ.

Cultural Influence on Biblical Interpretation

Understanding the cultural context of the Bible is crucial for accurate interpretation. The historical and cultural background of the text informs its meaning and application. For instance, the parables of Jesus often draw on first-century Jewish customs and agricultural practices, which illuminate their messages.

However, the timeless truths of Scripture transcend cultural boundaries. The Bible speaks to the human condition and God's redemptive plan, applicable to all cultures and times. Believers are called to uphold these truths, allowing them to shape their worldview and actions amidst diverse cultural influences.