Romans 5:13

For sin was in the world before the law was given; but sin is not taken into account when there is no law.

Study Bible

For sin was in the world
The phrase "For sin was in the world" indicates the presence of sin even before the Mosaic Law was established. The Greek word for "sin" here is "hamartia," which means missing the mark or falling short of God's standards. This concept of sin predates the Law, suggesting that humanity's inherent sinful nature has been a constant since the fall of Adam. Historically, this underscores the pervasive nature of sin and its impact on human history, as seen in the narratives of Genesis before the giving of the Law.

before the law was given
The phrase "before the law was given" refers to the period from Adam to Moses, a time when the Mosaic Law had not yet been established. The Greek word for "law" is "nomos," which in this context refers specifically to the Law given to Moses on Mount Sinai. This highlights the fact that sin existed independently of the Law, emphasizing the universality of sin and the need for a savior even before the codification of God's commandments.

but sin is not taken into account
The phrase "but sin is not taken into account" suggests that without the Law, sin was not imputed or charged to individuals in the same way it was after the Law was given. The Greek word "ellogeo" is used here, meaning to reckon or charge to one's account. This does not imply that sin did not exist or have consequences, but rather that the Law brought a clearer understanding and accountability for sin.

when there is no law
The phrase "when there is no law" reiterates the idea that the Law serves as a means of defining and identifying sin. Without the Law, there is no formal accounting or legal charge of sin, though its presence and effects are still real. This highlights the role of the Law in revealing the holiness of God and the sinfulness of man, pointing to the necessity of grace and redemption through Jesus Christ. Historically, this period before the Law serves as a backdrop to the unfolding of God's redemptive plan, culminating in the New Covenant through Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the Book of Romans, Paul was a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and theological teachings.

2. The Law
Refers to the Mosaic Law given to the Israelites, which includes the Ten Commandments and other regulations found in the first five books of the Old Testament.

3. Sin
A central theme in this passage, sin is described as a transgression against God's law and a condition that affects all humanity.

4. Adam
While not directly mentioned in this verse, Adam is a significant figure in the context of Romans 5, representing the entry of sin into the world.

5. The World
Refers to humanity and the created order, which has been affected by sin since the time of Adam.

Teaching Points

Understanding Sin's Universality
Sin existed before the law, indicating its pervasive nature and impact on all humanity.

The Role of the Law
The law serves to reveal sin, making people aware of their need for a Savior.

Accountability and Grace
While sin is not counted where there is no law, God's grace through Christ provides a solution to the problem of sin.

The Importance of Christ's Redemption
Christ's sacrifice addresses the sin problem that existed before and after the law, offering redemption to all.

Living in Awareness of Sin and Grace
Believers are called to live in the awareness of sin's reality and the transformative power of grace through Jesus Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding that sin existed before the law was given affect your view of humanity's need for salvation?

2. In what ways does the law help you recognize sin in your own life, and how does this recognition lead you to Christ?

3. How can the concept of sin not being taken into account without the law deepen your appreciation for God's grace?

4. How does the connection between Adam's sin and Christ's redemption influence your understanding of the gospel message?

5. What practical steps can you take to live in the awareness of both sin's reality and the grace available through Jesus Christ?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 3
The account of the Fall of Man, where sin first entered the world through Adam and Eve's disobedience.

Romans 3:20
Discusses the purpose of the law in making people aware of sin, highlighting the role of the law in defining transgressions.

Galatians 3:19
Explains that the law was added because of transgressions, serving as a guide until the coming of Christ.

1 Corinthians 15:22
Connects Adam's sin to the death that came to all men, contrasting it with the life brought through Christ.