I will give You thanks
The phrase "I will give You thanks" is a declaration of personal commitment to gratitude. The Hebrew root for "thanks" is "yadah," which means to acknowledge or confess. This word is often associated with the act of throwing or casting, symbolizing the act of casting one's praise and gratitude towards God. In the historical context of ancient Israel, giving thanks was not merely a private act but a public declaration of God's goodness and faithfulness. This phrase sets the tone for the entire psalm, emphasizing the importance of gratitude in the believer's relationship with God.

with all my heart
The phrase "with all my heart" underscores the sincerity and totality of the psalmist's devotion. The Hebrew word for "heart" is "lev," which in biblical terms refers not only to the physical heart but to the center of one's emotions, thoughts, and will. This expression indicates that the psalmist's gratitude is not superficial or half-hearted but encompasses his entire being. In a conservative Christian perspective, this calls believers to a wholehearted devotion to God, reflecting the greatest commandment to love God with all one's heart, soul, and mind (Matthew 22:37).

before the heavenly beings
The phrase "before the heavenly beings" can also be translated as "before the gods" or "in the presence of the angels." The Hebrew word "elohim" is used here, which can refer to God, gods, or divine beings. In the context of ancient Israel, this phrase could be seen as a declaration of God's supremacy over all other spiritual entities. It reflects the monotheistic belief that Yahweh is the one true God, worthy of praise above all others. For conservative Christians, this reinforces the understanding of God's sovereignty and the call to worship Him alone, acknowledging His authority over all creation.

I will sing Your praises
"I will sing Your praises" is an expression of joyful worship. The act of singing is a powerful form of praise that engages both the heart and mind. The Hebrew word "zamar" is often used for singing praises, which involves making music or melody. Historically, music played a significant role in Israelite worship, as seen in the temple services and the Psalms themselves. This phrase encourages believers to express their gratitude and adoration through song, recognizing the beauty and power of music in worship. It serves as a reminder of the joy and celebration that should accompany the acknowledgment of God's goodness and faithfulness.

I will bow down toward Your holy temple
This phrase reflects an act of worship and reverence. The Hebrew word for "bow down" is "שָׁחָה" (shachah), which implies a deep, respectful prostration before God. Historically, the temple in Jerusalem was the center of Jewish worship, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The act of bowing toward the temple signifies acknowledging God's holiness and sovereignty. In a broader Christian context, this can be seen as a call to direct our worship and prayers toward God, recognizing His dwelling not just in physical structures but within the hearts of believers.

and give thanks to Your name
The phrase "give thanks" comes from the Hebrew "יָדָה" (yadah), which means to praise or confess. "Your name" refers to God's character and reputation, as revealed through His actions and promises. In biblical times, a name was more than a label; it represented the essence of a person. Thus, giving thanks to God's name is an acknowledgment of His attributes—His love, faithfulness, and power. This act of gratitude is central to worship, reminding believers of God's unchanging nature and His deeds throughout history.

for Your loving devotion and Your faithfulness
"Loving devotion" is translated from the Hebrew "חֶסֶד" (chesed), a term rich with meaning, often rendered as "steadfast love" or "mercy." It denotes God's covenantal love, a loyal and enduring commitment to His people. "Faithfulness" comes from "אֱמוּנָה" (emunah), indicating reliability and trustworthiness. Together, these attributes highlight God's unwavering commitment to His promises. For Christians, this is a source of comfort and assurance, knowing that God's love and faithfulness are constant, even amidst life's uncertainties.

You have exalted Your name and Your word above all else
The exaltation of God's "name" and "word" underscores their supreme importance. In Hebrew culture, God's name was revered, representing His divine authority and holiness. His "word" (דָּבָר, dabar) refers to His commands, promises, and revelations. By exalting His name and word, God affirms their ultimate authority and truth. For believers, this is a call to prioritize God's word in their lives, recognizing it as the foundation of faith and practice. It also emphasizes the power and reliability of God's promises, which are fulfilled in Jesus Christ, the living Word.

On the day I called
This phrase emphasizes the immediacy and personal nature of the psalmist's communication with God. The Hebrew root for "called" is קָרָא (qara), which conveys a sense of crying out or summoning. This reflects the psalmist's urgent need for divine intervention. Historically, calling upon God in times of distress was a common practice among the Israelites, demonstrating their reliance on God's faithfulness and readiness to respond.

You answered me
The assurance of God's response is central to this verse. The Hebrew root עָנָה (anah) means to answer or respond, indicating a dialogue between the psalmist and God. This interaction underscores the personal relationship believers have with God, who is attentive and responsive to their prayers. The historical context of Israel's covenant relationship with God reinforces the expectation of divine response to their calls.

You made me bold
The transformation from fear to boldness is a testament to the empowering presence of God. The Hebrew word חָזַק (chazaq) means to strengthen or make firm. This suggests that God's response not only addresses the immediate need but also fortifies the psalmist's spirit. In a broader scriptural context, this boldness is often associated with the courage to face adversities, rooted in the confidence of God's support.

and stouthearted
The term "stouthearted" conveys a sense of inner strength and resilience. The Hebrew word אָמֵץ (amets) implies being strong, courageous, or resolute. This transformation is a result of divine intervention, illustrating how God's presence can instill a profound sense of security and determination. Throughout the Bible, a stout heart is often linked to unwavering faith and trust in God's promises.

All the kings of the earth
This phrase emphasizes the universal scope of God's influence and authority. In the Hebrew text, the word for "kings" is "מַלְכֵי" (malkhei), which denotes rulers or sovereigns. Historically, kings were seen as the ultimate authority in their realms, yet this verse prophetically envisions a time when all earthly rulers will recognize a higher divine authority. This reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty over all nations, as seen in passages like Psalm 2, where the kings of the earth are called to serve the Lord with reverence.

will give You thanks, O LORD
The act of giving thanks, or "יֹודוּךָ" (yodukha) in Hebrew, is a profound acknowledgment of God's goodness and deeds. The use of "O LORD" (Yahweh) signifies a personal and covenantal relationship between God and His people. This thanksgiving is not just a ritualistic act but a heartfelt response to God's revealed character and works. In a conservative Christian perspective, this anticipates the eschatological fulfillment when every knee will bow and every tongue confess the Lordship of Christ, as echoed in Philippians 2:10-11.

when they hear the words of Your mouth
The phrase "the words of Your mouth" underscores the power and authority of God's spoken word. In Hebrew, "דִּבְרֵי פִיךָ" (divrei fikha) conveys the idea of divine revelation. Throughout Scripture, God's word is depicted as living and active, capable of transforming hearts and nations. Historically, the words of God were delivered through prophets, and ultimately through Jesus Christ, the Word made flesh (John 1:14). This verse suggests that the revelation of God's truth will lead to a global acknowledgment of His sovereignty, inspiring worship and gratitude among all peoples.

They will sing
The phrase "They will sing" suggests a future action of praise and worship. In the Hebrew text, the verb used here is "yashir," which implies a joyful and vocal expression of adoration. Singing has been a central part of worship in the Jewish tradition, as seen throughout the Psalms. Historically, singing was a communal activity, often accompanied by instruments, and it served as a means to unite the people in their devotion to God. This phrase indicates a collective response to God's greatness, emphasizing the importance of community in worship.

of the ways
The term "ways" in Hebrew is "derek," which can refer to a path, journey, or manner of life. In the biblical context, it often denotes the moral and ethical paths that God sets before His people. The "ways" of the Lord are His commandments, statutes, and the divine order He has established. This phrase highlights the importance of understanding and following God's guidance, as His ways lead to righteousness and life. It also suggests that the knowledge of God's ways is a cause for celebration and proclamation.

of the LORD
The name "LORD" in all capital letters is a translation of the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God revealed to Moses at the burning bush (Exodus 3:14). This name signifies God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with His people. By singing of the "ways of the LORD," the psalmist acknowledges God's sovereignty and faithfulness. It is a reminder of the intimate relationship between God and His people, and the reverence due to His holy name.

for great is the glory
The word "great" in Hebrew is "gadol," which conveys magnitude and importance. The "glory" of God, "kavod" in Hebrew, refers to His weighty presence, honor, and majesty. This phrase underscores the overwhelming and awe-inspiring nature of God's glory. In the biblical narrative, God's glory is often associated with His presence, as seen in the tabernacle and the temple. The greatness of God's glory is a central theme in worship, as it reflects His supreme power and holiness.

of the LORD
Reiterating the sacred name "LORD" emphasizes the source of the glory being sung about. The repetition serves to focus the worshipper's attention on the divine nature and attributes of God. It is a call to recognize that all glory belongs to Him alone, and it is His presence and actions that inspire the praise of His people. This closing phrase in the verse encapsulates the central message of the psalm: the acknowledgment and celebration of God's unparalleled greatness and the rightful response of worship from His creation.

Though the LORD is on high
This phrase acknowledges the supreme and exalted position of the LORD. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and self-existent nature. "On high" suggests His sovereignty and majesty, indicating that God is above all creation, ruling with authority and power. This reflects the biblical theme of God's transcendence, as seen throughout Scripture, where He is depicted as enthroned above the heavens (Isaiah 6:1, Psalm 113:5).

He attends to the lowly
The Hebrew root for "attends" is "ra'ah," which can mean to see, perceive, or regard. This implies that God, despite His exalted status, is intimately aware of and concerned with those who are humble or lowly. The "lowly" refers to those who are humble in spirit, often marginalized or oppressed in society. This reflects the biblical principle that God values humility and is close to the brokenhearted (Psalm 34:18). It is a profound reminder of God's immanence, His nearness to those who seek Him with a humble heart.

but the proud He knows from afar
The word "proud" comes from the Hebrew "gā'ah," which denotes arrogance or haughtiness. This phrase suggests that while God is aware of the proud, His relationship with them is distant. The "afar" indicates a separation due to their pride, which is often condemned in Scripture as it leads to self-reliance and a rejection of God's authority (Proverbs 16:18). This serves as a warning that pride creates a barrier between individuals and God, contrasting with the closeness He offers to the humble. It underscores the biblical teaching that humility is essential for a right relationship with God (James 4:6).

Though I walk in the midst of trouble
This phrase acknowledges the reality of life's challenges and adversities. The Hebrew word for "walk" (הָלַךְ, halak) implies a continuous journey or progression, suggesting that troubles are not just momentary but part of the ongoing human experience. The "midst of trouble" indicates being surrounded by difficulties, yet the psalmist's faith remains steadfast. Historically, this reflects the trials faced by David, the attributed author, who often found himself in perilous situations, whether pursued by enemies or dealing with internal strife. This phrase encourages believers to recognize that troubles are part of life, yet they are not alone in their journey.

You preserve my life
The word "preserve" (חָיָה, chayah) in Hebrew conveys the idea of sustaining or keeping alive. It is a testament to God's protective nature and His ability to maintain the psalmist's life amidst adversity. This assurance of divine preservation is a recurring theme in the Psalms, reflecting the belief that God is a shield and protector. For the believer, this phrase is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His active role in safeguarding His people, providing comfort and hope in times of distress.

You stretch out Your hand against the anger of my foes
The imagery of God stretching out His hand is powerful, symbolizing divine intervention and authority. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a king's outstretched hand was a sign of power and protection. The "anger of my foes" highlights the hostility and aggression faced by the psalmist, yet God's intervention is depicted as decisive and effective. This phrase reassures believers of God's ability to confront and neutralize the threats posed by adversaries, emphasizing His role as a divine warrior who fights on behalf of His people.

with Your right hand You save me
The "right hand" in biblical literature often symbolizes strength and favor. In Hebrew culture, the right hand was associated with power and skill. The act of saving (יָשַׁע, yasha) is central to God's character, reflecting His role as a deliverer. This phrase encapsulates the essence of divine salvation, portraying God as both mighty and benevolent. For the believer, it is a profound reminder of God's personal involvement in their deliverance, offering assurance of His unwavering support and intervention in times of need.

The LORD
The term "LORD" in this verse is derived from the Hebrew "YHWH," often vocalized as Yahweh. This is the personal name of God, emphasizing His eternal existence and covenantal faithfulness. In the context of Psalm 138, it underscores the intimate relationship between the psalmist and God, highlighting God's sovereignty and His active role in the lives of His people. Historically, the use of this name would remind the Israelites of God's promises and His unchanging nature.

will fulfill
The Hebrew root here is "gamar," which means to complete or bring to an end. This word conveys a sense of assurance and certainty that God will bring His plans to fruition. It reflects a deep trust in God's ability to accomplish His purposes, a theme that resonates throughout the Scriptures. The psalmist's confidence in God's fulfillment is a testament to the faithfulness of God, who never leaves His work unfinished.

His purpose
The word "purpose" is translated from the Hebrew "ma'aseh," which can also mean work or deed. This indicates that God has a specific plan or intention for each individual. Theologically, it speaks to the belief that God is actively involved in the world and in the lives of His people, orchestrating events according to His divine will. This assurance of purpose provides comfort and direction, knowing that one's life is part of a greater divine plan.

for me
This phrase personalizes the promise, emphasizing that God's plans are not just for nations or groups, but for individuals. It highlights the personal relationship between the believer and God, affirming that each person is known and valued by the Creator. This personal attention from God is a recurring theme in the Psalms, offering reassurance of His intimate care and involvement in the believer's life.

Your loving devotion
The Hebrew word here is "chesed," often translated as lovingkindness or steadfast love. It is a central theme in the Old Testament, describing God's loyal love and mercy towards His people. This covenantal love is unwavering and unconditional, providing a foundation of trust and hope. The psalmist's reliance on God's "chesed" reflects a deep understanding of God's character as compassionate and faithful.

endures forever
The phrase "endures forever" is rooted in the Hebrew "olam," meaning everlasting or eternal. This speaks to the eternal nature of God's love and faithfulness, which transcends time and circumstances. It assures believers that God's promises are not temporary but are steadfast and reliable throughout all generations. This eternal perspective encourages believers to trust in God's unchanging nature.

Do not abandon
The plea "do not abandon" comes from the Hebrew "rapah," meaning to let go or forsake. This reflects a deep yearning for God's continued presence and support. It acknowledges human vulnerability and the need for divine intervention. The psalmist's request is rooted in the understanding that God is a refuge and strength, a present help in times of trouble.

the works of Your hands
This phrase emphasizes God's creative power and ongoing involvement in His creation. The "works of Your hands" refers to all that God has made, including humanity. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His intimate connection with His creation. The psalmist's appeal for God not to abandon His works underscores the belief that God is both Creator and Sustainer, actively upholding and caring for His creation.