Philippians 3:5

circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the law, a Pharisee;

Study Bible

circumcised on the eighth day
This phrase highlights the adherence to the Jewish law as prescribed in Genesis 17:12, where God commands Abraham that every male child should be circumcised on the eighth day. This practice was a sign of the covenant between God and His people, Israel. The eighth day circumcision signifies Paul's legitimate Jewish heritage and his family's commitment to the Mosaic Law from birth. It underscores the importance of obedience to God's commands and the deep-rooted traditions that shaped Paul's early life.

of the people of Israel
This phrase emphasizes Paul's identity as a member of God's chosen people, Israel. The Israelites were descendants of Jacob, whom God renamed Israel, and they were recipients of God's promises and covenants. This identity was central to Jewish self-understanding and pride. Paul’s assertion of being "of the people of Israel" affirms his belonging to the covenant community, which was set apart by God for His purposes.

of the tribe of Benjamin
The tribe of Benjamin holds a significant place in Israel's history. Benjamin was the youngest son of Jacob and Rachel, and the tribe produced Israel's first king, Saul. The tribe of Benjamin was also one of the two tribes that remained loyal to the house of David during the division of the kingdom. By identifying with the tribe of Benjamin, Paul connects himself to a lineage known for its loyalty and valor, further establishing his credentials as a true Israelite.

a Hebrew of Hebrews
This phrase indicates Paul's pure Hebrew lineage and cultural heritage. It suggests that Paul was not only ethnically Hebrew but also culturally and religiously immersed in Hebrew traditions. The term "Hebrew of Hebrews" implies a deep commitment to the customs, language, and religious practices of the Jewish people. It highlights Paul's authenticity and dedication to his heritage, which he later contrasts with his commitment to Christ.

in regard to the law, a Pharisee
The Pharisees were a Jewish sect known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions. By identifying himself as a Pharisee, Paul underscores his former zeal for the Jewish law and his rigorous observance of its commandments. The Pharisees were respected for their piety and knowledge of the Scriptures, and Paul’s association with them indicates his deep understanding of the law. This background provided Paul with a profound grasp of the Scriptures, which he later used to articulate the gospel of Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
The author of the letter to the Philippians, Paul is reflecting on his Jewish heritage and credentials before his conversion to Christianity.

2. Israel
The nation chosen by God, from which Paul hails. He emphasizes his belonging to this people to establish his credentials.

3. Tribe of Benjamin
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, known for its warrior tradition and loyalty. Paul’s identification with this tribe highlights his esteemed lineage.

4. Pharisees
A Jewish sect known for strict adherence to the Law of Moses. Paul was a Pharisee, indicating his deep commitment to Jewish law and tradition.

5. Circumcision on the Eighth Day
A sign of the covenant between God and Abraham's descendants, performed on Jewish males as a mark of their identity and faithfulness to the Law.

Teaching Points

Heritage and Identity
Paul’s emphasis on his Jewish credentials serves to show that his confidence is not in his heritage but in Christ. Believers should evaluate where they place their confidence and identity.

Religious Zeal vs. True Righteousness
Paul’s background as a Pharisee highlights the difference between zeal for religious practices and true righteousness found in Christ. Christians are encouraged to pursue a relationship with Christ over mere religious observance.

Transformation through Christ
Paul’s life exemplifies the transformative power of Christ. No matter one's past, Christ offers a new identity and purpose.

Humility in Achievements
Despite his impressive credentials, Paul considers them loss for the sake of Christ. Believers are called to humility, valuing their relationship with Christ above personal achievements.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul’s Jewish heritage and background as a Pharisee influence his perspective on faith and righteousness in Christ?

2. In what ways can believers today fall into the trap of placing confidence in their religious practices or heritage rather than in Christ?

3. How does understanding Paul’s transformation from a Pharisee to an apostle of Christ encourage you in your own spiritual journey?

4. What are some modern-day equivalents of the credentials Paul lists, and how can they become obstacles to true faith?

5. How can we apply Paul’s example of humility and prioritizing Christ above all else in our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 17:12
This verse establishes the practice of circumcision on the eighth day as a sign of the covenant, which Paul references to affirm his adherence to Jewish customs.

Romans 11:1
Paul again identifies himself as an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin, underscoring his Jewish heritage and God's faithfulness to Israel.

Acts 23:6
Paul declares his Pharisaic background, which is significant in understanding his zeal for the Law before his conversion.