Isaiah 3:15
Why do you crush My people and grind the faces of the poor?" declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.
Why do you crush
The Hebrew word for "crush" is "דָּכָא" (dakah), which conveys a sense of oppression and destruction. In the context of Isaiah, this word is a powerful indictment against the leaders and people of Judah who are exploiting the vulnerable. Historically, this reflects a period of social injustice where the powerful were taking advantage of the weak. The rhetorical question posed by God highlights His deep concern for justice and righteousness, emphasizing that such actions are contrary to His nature and commands.

My people
The phrase "My people" signifies a covenant relationship between God and the Israelites. It underscores God's ownership and protective concern for Israel. This relationship is rooted in the Abrahamic and Mosaic covenants, where God promised to be their God and they would be His people. The use of "My" indicates a personal and possessive care, reminding the oppressors that they are harming those who belong to God Himself, thus compounding their guilt.

and grind the faces
The imagery of "grind the faces" is vivid and brutal, suggesting severe oppression and humiliation. The Hebrew word "טָחַן" (tahan) means to crush or pulverize, often used in the context of grinding grain. This metaphor illustrates the dehumanizing treatment of the poor, reducing them to nothing more than objects to be exploited. It reflects a societal breakdown where the dignity of individuals is disregarded, a situation that God finds abhorrent.

of the poor?
The "poor" in this context refers to those who are economically disadvantaged and marginalized. The Hebrew word "עָנִי" (ani) often denotes those who are afflicted or humble. Throughout Scripture, God consistently shows a special concern for the poor, commanding His people to care for them and ensure justice. This reflects God's character as a defender of the weak and a champion of justice, calling His people to emulate His compassion and righteousness.

declares the Lord GOD of Hosts
The title "Lord GOD of Hosts" (Yahweh Sabaoth) emphasizes God's supreme authority and power. "Hosts" refers to the heavenly armies, indicating that God is the commander of all celestial forces. This title reassures the oppressed that God is not only aware of their plight but also has the power to intervene and bring justice. It serves as a warning to the oppressors that they are accountable to the Almighty, who commands the armies of heaven and will act against injustice. This declaration is a call to repentance and a reminder of God's ultimate sovereignty and justice.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Lord GOD of Hosts
This title emphasizes God's supreme authority and power over all heavenly armies. It underscores His role as the ultimate judge and protector of His people.

2. Isaiah
A major prophet in the Old Testament, Isaiah was called by God to deliver messages of both judgment and hope to the people of Judah and Jerusalem.

3. The People of Judah and Jerusalem
The primary audience of Isaiah's prophecies, they were often rebuked for their social injustices and idolatry.

4. The Oppressors
Those in positions of power within Judah who exploited and oppressed the poor, leading to God's condemnation.

5. The Poor
Representing the marginalized and vulnerable in society, they were victims of the injustices perpetrated by the ruling class.
Teaching Points
God's Heart for Justice
God is deeply concerned with justice and righteousness. He sees and responds to the oppression of the poor and marginalized.

The Responsibility of Leadership
Those in positions of power have a responsibility to act justly and protect the vulnerable, not exploit them for personal gain.

The Consequences of Oppression
Oppressing the poor invites God's judgment. Believers are called to reflect God's character by advocating for justice and mercy.

Reflecting God's Character
As followers of Christ, we are called to mirror God's love and justice in our interactions with others, especially the less fortunate.

Repentance and Restoration
There is always an opportunity for repentance and turning back to God. He desires restoration and righteousness among His people.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the title "Lord GOD of Hosts" in Isaiah 3:15 emphasize God's authority in addressing social injustices?

2. In what ways can we identify and address modern forms of oppression in our communities, reflecting the concerns raised in Isaiah 3:15?

3. How do the themes of justice and mercy in Isaiah 3:15 connect with the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament?

4. What practical steps can we take to ensure that we are not complicit in systems that "crush" or "grind the faces of the poor"?

5. How can the church today serve as a voice for the oppressed, drawing from the prophetic example of Isaiah?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Proverbs 14:31
This verse highlights the connection between oppressing the poor and dishonoring God, reinforcing the message in Isaiah 3:15.

James 5:1-6
James warns the rich about the consequences of exploiting the poor, echoing the themes of social justice found in Isaiah.

Micah 6:8
This verse calls for justice, mercy, and humility, aligning with the corrective message Isaiah delivers to the oppressors.
Grinding the Faces of the PoorW. Clarkson Isaiah 3:15
The Reasons of JudgmentE. Johnson Isaiah 3:8-15
Penalty, Natural and SupernaturalW. Clarkson Isaiah 3:12-15
God's ControversyIsaiah 3:13-15
People
Isaiah
Places
Jerusalem, Sodom, Zion
Topics
Affirmation, Afflicted, Almighty, Armies, Beat, Bitter, Bruise, Crush, Crushing, Declares, Face, Faces, Grind, Grinding, Hosts, Mean, Necks, Pieces, Poor, Putting, Says, Yoke
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 3:15

     1235   God, the LORD
     4462   grinding
     5282   crushing
     5972   unkindness

Isaiah 3:11-15

     5931   resistance

Isaiah 3:13-17

     5270   court

Isaiah 3:14-15

     5310   exploitation

Library
A Paradox of Selling and Buying
'Ye have sold yourselves for nought; and ye shall be redeemed without money.'--ISAIAH iii. 3. THE first reference of these words is of course to the Captivity. They come in the midst of a grand prophecy of freedom, all full of leaping gladness and buoyant hope. The Seer speaks to the captives; they had 'sold themselves for nought.' What had they gained by their departure from God?--bondage. What had they won in exchange for their freedom?-- only the hard service of Babylon. As Deuteronomy puts it:
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Marching Orders
'Depart ye, depart ye, go ye out from thence, touch no unclean thing; go ye out of the midst of her; be ye clean, that bear the vessels of the Lord. 12. For ye shall not go out with haste, nor go by flight: for the Lord will go before you, and the God of Israel will be your reward.'--ISAIAH iii. 11, 12. These ringing notes are parts of a highly poetic picture of that great deliverance which inspired this prophet's most exalted strains. It is described with constant allusion to the first Exodus,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Christian view of Sorrow
"A man of sorrow, and acquainted with grief" Is. Iii. 3. There is one great distinction between the productions of Heathen and of Christian art. While the first exhibits the perfection of physical form and of intellectual beauty, the latter expresses, also, the majesty of sorrow, the grandeur of endurance, the idea of triumph refined from agony. In all those shapes of old there is nothing like the glory of the martyr; the sublimity of patience and resignation; the dignity of the thorn-crowned Jesus.
E. H. Chapin—The Crown of Thorns

The Personal History of Herod - the Two Worlds in Jerusalem.
It is an intensely painful history, [581] in the course of which Herod made his way to the throne. We look back nearly two and a half centuries to where, with the empire of Alexander, Palestine fell to his successors. For nearly a century and a half it continued the battle-field of the Egyptian and Syrian kings (the Ptolemies and the Seleucidæ). At last it was a corrupt High-Priesthood - with which virtually the government of the land had all along lain - that betrayed Israel's precious trust.
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

How those are to be Admonished who Praise the Unlawful Things of which they are Conscious, and those who While Condemning Them, in no Wise Guard
(Admonition 32.) Differently to be admonished are they who even praise the unlawful things which they do, and those who censure what is wrong, and yet avoid it not. For they who even praise the unlawful things which they do are to be admonished to consider how for the most part they offend more by the mouth than by deeds. For by deeds they perpetrate wrong things in their own persons only; but with the mouth they bring out wickedness in the persons of as many as there are souls of hearers, to
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

"But Whereunto Shall I Liken this Generation?"
Matth. xi. 16.--"But whereunto shall I liken this generation?" When our Lord Jesus, who had the tongue of the learned, and spoke as never man spake, did now and then find a difficulty to express the matter herein contained. "What shall we do?" The matter indeed is of great importance, a soul matter, and therefore of great moment, a mystery, and therefore not easily expressed. No doubt he knows how to paint out this to the life, that we might rather behold it with our eyes, than hear it with our
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

Brief Memoir of Thomas Watson
Compiled by C. H. Spurgeon Thomas Watson's Body of Practical Divinity is one of the most precious of the peerless works of the Puritans; and those best acquainted with it prize it most. Watson was one of the most concise, racy, illustrative, and suggestive of those eminent divines who made the Puritan age the Augustan period of evangelical literature. There is a happy union of sound doctrine, heart-searching experience and practical wisdom throughout all his works, and his Body of Divinity is, beyond
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Of Civil Government.
OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT. This chapter consists of two principal heads,--I. General discourse on the necessity, dignity, and use of Civil Government, in opposition to the frantic proceedings of the Anabaptists, sec. 1-3. II. A special exposition of the three leading parts of which Civil Government consists, sec. 4-32. The first part treats of the function of Magistrates, whose authority and calling is proved, sec. 4-7. Next, the three Forms of civil government are added, sec. 8. Thirdly, Consideration
John Calvin—The Institutes of the Christian Religion

Letter Li to the virgin Sophia
To the Virgin Sophia He praises her for having despised the glory of the world: and, setting forth the praises, privileges, and rewards of Religious Virgins, exhorts her to persevere. Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux, to the Virgin Sophia, that she may keep the title of virginity and attain its reward. I. Favour is deceitful and beauty is vain; but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised (Prov. xxxi. 31). I rejoice with you, my daughter, in the glory of your virtue, whereby, as I hear, you
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux—Some Letters of Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux

"All Our Righteousnesses are as Filthy Rags, and we all do Fade as a Leaf, and Our Iniquities, Like the Wind, have Taken us Away. "
Isaiah lxiv. 6, 7.--"All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags, and we all do fade as a leaf, and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away." Not only are the direct breaches of the command uncleanness, and men originally and actually unclean, but even our holy actions, our commanded duties. Take a man's civility, religion, and all his universal inherent righteousness,--all are filthy rags. And here the church confesseth nothing but what God accuseth her of, Isa. lxvi. 8, and chap. i. ver.
Hugh Binning—The Works of the Rev. Hugh Binning

"Thou Shalt Honor Thy Father and Thy Mother. "
From this Commandment we learn that after the excellent works of the first three Commandments there are no better works than to obey and serve all those who are set over us as superiors. For this reason also disobedience is a greater sin than murder, unchastity, theft and dishonesty, and all that these may include. For we can in no better way learn how to distinguish between greater and lesser sins than by noting the order of the Commandments of God, although there are distinctions also within the
Dr. Martin Luther—A Treatise on Good Works

Concerning Salutations and Recreations, &C.
Concerning Salutations and Recreations, &c. [1273] Seeing the chief end of all religion is to redeem men from the spirit and vain conversation of this world and to lead into inward communion with God, before whom if we fear always we are accounted happy; therefore all the vain customs and habits thereof, both in word and deed, are to be rejected and forsaken by those who come to this fear; such as taking off the hat to a man, the bowings and cringings of the body, and such other salutations of that
Robert Barclay—Theses Theologicae and An Apology for the True Christian Divinity

A Sermon on Isaiah xxvi. By John Knox.
[In the Prospectus of our Publication it was stated, that one discourse, at least, would be given in each number. A strict adherence to this arrangement, however, it is found, would exclude from our pages some of the most talented discourses of our early Divines; and it is therefore deemed expedient to depart from it as occasion may require. The following Sermon will occupy two numbers, and we hope, that from its intrinsic value, its historical interest, and the illustrious name of its author, it
John Knox—The Pulpit Of The Reformation, Nos. 1, 2 and 3.

The Prophet Micah.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. Micah signifies: "Who is like Jehovah;" and by this name, the prophet is consecrated to the incomparable God, just as Hosea was to the helping God, and Nahum to the comforting God. He prophesied, according to the inscription, under Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah. We are not, however, entitled, on this account, to dissever his prophecies, and to assign particular discourses to the reign of each of these kings. On the contrary, the entire collection forms only one whole. At
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Isaiah
CHAPTERS I-XXXIX Isaiah is the most regal of the prophets. His words and thoughts are those of a man whose eyes had seen the King, vi. 5. The times in which he lived were big with political problems, which he met as a statesman who saw the large meaning of events, and as a prophet who read a divine purpose in history. Unlike his younger contemporary Micah, he was, in all probability, an aristocrat; and during his long ministry (740-701 B.C., possibly, but not probably later) he bore testimony, as
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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