Deuteronomy 22:22

If a man is found lying with another man's wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. You must purge the evil from Israel.

Study Bible

If a man is found
The phrase "If a man is found" suggests a situation of discovery, implying that the act of adultery is not just a private sin but one that becomes known to the community. The Hebrew root for "found" is "matsa," which often conveys the idea of encountering or discovering something. This highlights the communal aspect of sin in ancient Israel, where personal actions had public consequences. The discovery of sin necessitates a response, emphasizing the importance of accountability within the community.

lying with a married woman
The act of "lying with a married woman" is a direct reference to adultery, which is explicitly prohibited in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:14). The Hebrew word for "lying" is "shakab," which can mean to lie down or to have sexual relations. This phrase underscores the sanctity of marriage and the severe breach of covenant that adultery represents. In the historical context, marriage was not only a personal commitment but also a social contract that affected family lineage and property rights.

both must die
The decree that "both must die" reflects the gravity of the sin of adultery in the eyes of God and the community. The Hebrew word for "die" is "muwth," which signifies physical death. This severe penalty underscores the holiness of God and the seriousness with which He views the covenant of marriage. It also serves as a deterrent to others, reinforcing the idea that sin has dire consequences. In a broader theological context, it points to the ultimate penalty of sin, which is spiritual death, and the need for atonement.

the man who lay with the woman and the woman
This phrase emphasizes the equal responsibility and culpability of both parties involved in the act of adultery. The law does not discriminate based on gender; both the man and the woman are held accountable. This reflects the biblical principle of justice, where each individual is responsible for their actions. The inclusion of both parties highlights the importance of mutual consent and the shared violation of the marriage covenant.

You must purge the evil from Israel
The command to "purge the evil from Israel" indicates the necessity of removing sin from the community to maintain its holiness and purity. The Hebrew word for "purge" is "ba'ar," which means to burn or remove completely. This reflects the idea that sin is like a contaminant that can spread and affect the entire community if not addressed. The phrase underscores the collective responsibility of the Israelites to uphold God's standards and maintain their identity as His chosen people. It serves as a reminder of the call to holiness and the need for communal integrity.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Man
Refers to any male individual who engages in adultery with a married woman.

2. Married Woman
A woman who is legally bound in marriage to another man, involved in the act of adultery.

3. Israel
The nation of God's chosen people, who are given laws to maintain holiness and purity.

4. Adultery
The act of a married person engaging in sexual relations with someone other than their spouse, considered a grave sin.

5. Purge the Evil
The act of removing sin and its consequences from the community to maintain holiness.

Teaching Points

The Seriousness of Sin
Adultery is not just a personal failing but a community concern that affects the holiness of God's people.

Holiness and Purity
God's laws are designed to maintain the purity of His people, calling them to live distinct and holy lives.

Consequences of Sin
Sin has serious consequences, both spiritually and communally, and must be addressed to prevent further corruption.

The Role of Justice and Mercy
While the law demands justice, the New Testament reveals the importance of mercy and forgiveness through Christ.

Guarding the Heart
Believers are called to guard their hearts and minds against lust and temptation, recognizing the broader implications of sin.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command in Deuteronomy 22:22 reflect God's view of marriage and fidelity?

2. In what ways does the New Testament teaching on adultery expand or deepen the understanding of this Old Testament law?

3. How can believers today "purge the evil" from their lives and communities in a way that aligns with both justice and mercy?

4. What practical steps can individuals take to guard against the temptation of adultery and maintain purity in their relationships?

5. How does understanding the seriousness of sin and its consequences impact your daily walk with Christ and your interactions with others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 20:10
Reinforces the same law regarding adultery, emphasizing the death penalty for both parties involved.

John 8:3-11
Jesus addresses the issue of adultery and highlights mercy and forgiveness, while still acknowledging the sin.

Matthew 5:27-28
Jesus expands on the concept of adultery, teaching that even lustful thoughts are sinful.

1 Corinthians 6:18-20
Paul instructs believers to flee from sexual immorality, emphasizing the body as a temple of the Holy Spirit.