Acts 18:4

Every Sabbath he reasoned in the synagogue, trying to persuade Jews and Greeks alike.

Study Bible

Every Sabbath
The phrase "Every Sabbath" indicates a regular, consistent practice of Paul. The Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening, was a day of rest and worship for the Jewish people, as commanded in the Torah (Exodus 20:8-11). Paul's adherence to this schedule underscores his commitment to reaching the Jewish community first, as was his custom (Romans 1:16). The Greek word for Sabbath, "sabbaton," reflects a period of rest and is rooted in the Hebrew "Shabbat," which means to cease or rest. This practice highlights the continuity between the Old and New Covenants, showing that Paul respected Jewish traditions while preaching the Gospel.

He reasoned
The word "reasoned" comes from the Greek "dialegomai," which means to discuss or argue. This term suggests a methodical and logical approach to sharing the Gospel, engaging in dialogue rather than monologue. Paul's reasoning was not merely a presentation of facts but an interactive discussion, inviting questions and challenges. This approach is consistent with the Jewish tradition of debate and discussion in the synagogue, where ideas were rigorously examined. It reflects the Christian call to be prepared to give a reason for the hope within us (1 Peter 3:15), emphasizing the importance of understanding and articulating one's faith.

In the synagogue
The synagogue was the center of Jewish religious life, serving as a place of worship, teaching, and community gathering. By choosing the synagogue as his platform, Paul strategically positioned himself to reach both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles who were familiar with the Scriptures. The Greek word "synagoge" means assembly or gathering, indicating a place where people come together for a common purpose. Historically, synagogues were established during the Babylonian exile when the Jewish people were separated from the Temple, highlighting their adaptability and commitment to maintaining their faith practices.

Trying to persuade
The phrase "trying to persuade" is derived from the Greek "peitho," which means to convince or win over. This indicates Paul's intent to not only inform but also to transform hearts and minds. Persuasion involves more than just presenting information; it requires understanding the audience's beliefs and values and addressing their concerns. Paul's efforts to persuade reflect the Christian mission to make disciples of all nations (Matthew 28:19), emphasizing the importance of personal conviction and the transformative power of the Gospel.

Jews and Greeks
The mention of "Jews and Greeks" highlights the diverse audience Paul addressed. Jews were the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who adhered to the Mosaic Law and awaited the Messiah. Greeks, or Gentiles, were non-Jews who often held different religious and philosophical beliefs. The Greek word "Hellenes" refers to those who embraced Greek culture and language. By reaching out to both groups, Paul demonstrated the universality of the Gospel message, breaking down the barriers between Jew and Gentile (Ephesians 2:14-16) and fulfilling the prophecy that all nations would be blessed through Abraham's seed (Genesis 22:18). This inclusivity is a cornerstone of the Christian faith, affirming that salvation is available to all who believe.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul
The apostle who is central to this passage, known for his missionary journeys and efforts to spread the Gospel to both Jews and Gentiles.

2. Synagogue
A Jewish place of worship and community gathering where Paul often began his ministry in a new city.

3. Jews
The primary audience in the synagogue, who were familiar with the Hebrew Scriptures and awaited the Messiah.

4. Greeks
Non-Jews who were also present in the synagogue, often referred to as God-fearers or proselytes, showing interest in the Jewish faith.

5. Corinth
The city where this event takes place, known for its diverse population and significant commercial activity.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Reasoning in Faith
Paul’s method of reasoning in the synagogue highlights the importance of engaging the mind in matters of faith. Christians are encouraged to understand and articulate their beliefs clearly.

Cultural Engagement
Paul’s ministry to both Jews and Greeks demonstrates the need for cultural sensitivity and adaptability in sharing the Gospel. Believers should seek to understand and connect with diverse audiences.

Sabbath as an Opportunity for Ministry
Paul’s use of the Sabbath for teaching and persuasion suggests that believers should view regular gatherings as opportunities for ministry and outreach.

The Role of Persuasion in Evangelism
Paul’s efforts to persuade indicate that evangelism involves not just proclamation but also dialogue and persuasion, appealing to both the heart and mind.

Inclusivity of the Gospel
The presence of both Jews and Greeks in the synagogue underscores the inclusive nature of the Gospel message, which is for all people regardless of background.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul’s approach in the synagogue challenge or inspire your own methods of sharing your faith?

2. In what ways can you engage in reasoning and dialogue about your faith in your current context?

3. How can you be more culturally sensitive and adaptable in your efforts to share the Gospel with others?

4. What regular gatherings or routines in your life could be opportunities for ministry and outreach?

5. How does the inclusivity of the Gospel message impact your view of evangelism and your interactions with people from different backgrounds?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 17:2-3
This passage describes Paul's custom of reasoning in the synagogues, explaining and proving that Jesus is the Messiah, which is similar to his approach in Acts 18:4.

Romans 1:16
Paul emphasizes the power of the Gospel for salvation to everyone who believes, first to the Jew, then to the Gentile, reflecting his ministry approach in Acts 18:4.

1 Corinthians 9:20-22
Paul discusses becoming all things to all people to save some, which aligns with his efforts to persuade both Jews and Greeks in Acts 18:4.