1 Samuel 28:24

The woman had a fattened calf at her house, and she quickly slaughtered it. She also took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread.

Study Bible

Now the woman
This phrase refers to the medium of Endor, a woman who played a significant role in this narrative. In the historical context, mediums were often sought for their supposed ability to communicate with the dead, despite the clear prohibitions against such practices in the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 19:31). Her presence in the account highlights the desperation of King Saul, who had previously expelled mediums and spiritists from the land (1 Samuel 28:3).

had a fattened calf
The "fattened calf" symbolizes wealth and hospitality in ancient Near Eastern culture. It was customary to reserve such an animal for special occasions or honored guests. The Hebrew word for "fattened" (מְרִיא, meri) indicates an animal that has been well-fed and prepared for a significant event. This detail underscores the urgency and importance of Saul's visit, as well as the woman's willingness to provide for him despite the risks involved.

at her house
The setting of the woman's house is significant. It was a private place, away from the public eye, which was necessary given the clandestine nature of Saul's visit. In ancient Israel, homes were often simple structures, but they served as the center of family life and hospitality. The woman's willingness to host Saul in her home reflects the cultural norms of hospitality and the seriousness of the situation.

and she quickly slaughtered it
The act of slaughtering the calf "quickly" indicates the urgency of the moment. In Hebrew, the word for "quickly" (מַהֵר, maher) suggests haste and immediacy. This reflects the tension in the narrative, as Saul was in a dire situation, seeking guidance before an impending battle. The woman's prompt action also demonstrates her compliance and respect for Saul's authority, despite his fallen state.

She took flour, kneaded it
The process of taking flour and kneading it to make bread was a common domestic task in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word for "kneaded" (לָשׁ, lash) implies a thorough mixing, which was necessary to prepare the dough. This act of preparing bread signifies sustenance and life, providing physical nourishment to Saul. It also reflects the woman's role as a provider, even in a time of spiritual and national crisis.

and baked unleavened bread
Unleavened bread, or matzah, is bread made without yeast. In the Hebrew tradition, unleavened bread is significant, especially during Passover, symbolizing purity and the haste of the Israelites' departure from Egypt (Exodus 12:39). In this context, the unleavened bread may symbolize the urgency of the situation and the need for immediate action. It also serves as a reminder of God's past deliverance, contrasting with Saul's current state of disobedience and desperation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Woman (Medium of Endor)
A medium living in Endor who Saul visits to summon the spirit of Samuel. She is known for her ability to communicate with the dead, which was against the law in Israel.

2. Saul
The first king of Israel, who, in desperation, seeks guidance from the medium after God has stopped answering him through prophets or dreams.

3. Endor
A town in the territory of Issachar, where the medium resides. It becomes the setting for Saul's encounter with the supernatural.

4. The Fattened Calf
Represents hospitality and urgency. The woman uses it to prepare a meal for Saul, indicating the seriousness of the situation.

5. Unleavened Bread
Symbolizes haste and simplicity, often associated with purity and the Passover, reflecting the urgency and solemnity of the moment.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's visit to the medium is a direct violation of God's law, illustrating the severe consequences of disobedience and the spiritual decline that follows when we turn away from God.

Desperation Without God
Saul's actions show the desperation that comes when we seek guidance outside of God's will. It serves as a warning to rely on God rather than turning to forbidden practices.

Hospitality and Urgency
The woman's preparation of the meal reflects the urgency of the situation. In our lives, we should be prepared to act swiftly in obedience to God's call, rather than in disobedience.

Symbolism of Unleavened Bread
The unleavened bread signifies purity and readiness. As Christians, we are called to live lives of purity and be ready to act according to God's will.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does Saul's decision to consult a medium reveal about his spiritual state, and how can we guard against similar desperation in our own lives?

2. How does the prohibition against mediums in Leviticus and Deuteronomy apply to modern-day practices that seek guidance outside of God?

3. In what ways can the symbolism of unleavened bread be applied to our spiritual lives today?

4. How does the account of Saul and the medium of Endor challenge us to consider the sources of guidance and wisdom we rely on?

5. Reflect on a time when you acted out of urgency. How can you ensure that your actions align with God's will in future urgent situations?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 19:31 and Deuteronomy 18:10-12
These passages prohibit consulting mediums and spiritists, highlighting Saul's disobedience to God's commands.

Exodus 12:8
The use of unleavened bread connects to the Passover, symbolizing deliverance and God's provision, contrasting with Saul's current state of disobedience and desperation.

1 Samuel 15:22-23
Samuel's earlier rebuke of Saul for disobedience, emphasizing that obedience is better than sacrifice, which foreshadows Saul's downfall.