1 Samuel 19:15

But Saul sent the messengers back to see David and told them, "Bring him up to me in his bed so I can kill him."

Study Bible

But Saul sent the messengers back
This phrase highlights Saul's relentless pursuit of David, driven by jealousy and fear of losing his kingdom. The Hebrew root for "sent" (שָׁלַח, shalach) implies a deliberate action, often used in contexts of dispatching with authority. Saul's repeated sending of messengers underscores his determination and the extent of his obsession. Historically, this reflects the political instability and personal vendettas that characterized Saul's reign, contrasting with David's rising favor with God and the people.

to see David
The phrase "to see David" suggests a mission of verification. The Hebrew word for "see" (רָאָה, ra'ah) can imply more than just physical sight; it often denotes understanding or perceiving. Saul's intent was not merely to confirm David's presence but to ensure his vulnerability. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's anointed being under constant scrutiny and attack, yet under divine protection.

saying, 'Bring him up to me in his bed
Saul's command to "bring him up to me in his bed" reveals his desperation and the depth of his malice. The bed, a place of rest and vulnerability, becomes a symbol of Saul's intent to exploit David's weakness. The Hebrew context here emphasizes the personal nature of Saul's vendetta, as he seeks to control and eliminate David personally. This act of aggression against God's chosen servant highlights the spiritual battle between God's will and human defiance.

so I can kill him
The phrase "so I can kill him" starkly reveals Saul's murderous intent. The Hebrew verb for "kill" (מוּת, muth) is direct and final, indicating Saul's desire to end David's life without trial or mercy. This reflects the broader biblical narrative of the struggle between good and evil, where God's plans are often opposed by human sinfulness. Saul's intent to kill David, despite knowing his anointing, underscores the tragic decline of a king who once had God's favor but now acts in opposition to divine will.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Saul
The first king of Israel, who was anointed by the prophet Samuel. At this point in the account, Saul is consumed by jealousy and fear of David, leading him to seek David's life.

2. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, and known for his faithfulness to God. He is currently in danger due to Saul's jealousy and is being protected by his wife, Michal.

3. Messengers
These are the individuals sent by Saul to capture David. They are acting under Saul's orders, reflecting the king's authority and intent.

4. Michal
Saul's daughter and David's wife, who plays a crucial role in protecting David from her father's murderous intentions.

5. Ramah
Although not directly mentioned in this verse, it is the place where David flees to seek refuge with Samuel, highlighting the ongoing conflict and David's reliance on God's guidance.

Teaching Points

The Dangers of Jealousy
Saul's jealousy leads him to irrational and sinful actions. Believers are reminded to guard their hearts against jealousy, which can lead to destructive behavior.

God's Protection
Despite Saul's intentions, God protects David through various means, including the loyalty of others. This teaches us to trust in God's provision and protection in times of trouble.

The Role of Courageous Allies
Michal's actions demonstrate the importance of having faithful and courageous allies who can support us in difficult times.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Saul's disobedience to God and his subsequent actions serve as a warning of the consequences of turning away from God's commands.

Faith in Action
David's life exemplifies faith in action, as he continually seeks God's guidance and protection, even when faced with life-threatening situations.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Saul's jealousy and fear of David reflect the dangers of allowing negative emotions to control our actions? Can you identify a time when jealousy affected your decisions, and how did you overcome it?

2. In what ways does God provide protection and deliverance for David in this chapter? How can we apply this understanding of God's protection to our own lives?

3. Michal plays a crucial role in protecting David. Who are the "Michals" in your life, and how can you be a "Michal" to others in their time of need?

4. Compare Saul's pursuit of David with the pursuit of Saul (Paul) in Acts 9. What similarities and differences do you see, and what can we learn from these accounts about God's sovereignty?

5. Reflect on Psalm 59 in the context of 1 Samuel 19. How does David's response to his circumstances in the psalm inform our understanding of faith and reliance on God during trials?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18
Provides context for Saul's growing jealousy and fear of David, which sets the stage for the events in chapter 19.

Psalm 59
Traditionally attributed to David during this period of his life, it reflects his trust in God amidst persecution and danger.

Acts 9
Saul (later Paul) is also pursued by those who wish to kill him, drawing a parallel between the two Sauls and the theme of divine protection.