Strong's Lexicon sklérunó: To harden Original Word: σκληρύνω Word Origin: From the Greek word σκληρός (skleros), meaning "hard" or "harsh." Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H2388 (chazaq): Often translated as "to harden," particularly in the context of Pharaoh's heart in Exodus. - H7185 (qashah): Meaning "to be hard" or "to be severe," used in contexts of stubbornness or obstinacy. Usage: The verb "sklérunó" means to make hard or to harden. In a biblical context, it often refers to the hardening of the heart, which implies a resistance or insensitivity to God's voice or will. This hardening can be self-imposed or divinely allowed as a form of judgment or testing. Cultural and Historical Background: In ancient Greek culture, the concept of hardening was often associated with stubbornness or obstinacy. In the biblical narrative, the hardening of the heart is a significant theme, particularly in the context of God's interactions with humanity. It reflects a spiritual state where individuals or groups become resistant to divine influence, often leading to moral and spiritual decline. HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 4645 sklērýnō – properly, to harden; become inflexible (literally "dried out"); (figuratively) obstinately stubborn, resisting what God says is right. See 4642 (sklēros). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom skléros Definition to harden NASB Translation becoming hardened (1), harden (3), hardened (1), hardens (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 4645: σκληρύνωσκληρύνω (cf. Winer's Grammar, 92 (88)); 1 aorist subjunctive 2 person plural σκληρύνητε; passive, imperfect ἐσκληρυνομην; 1 aorist ἐσκληρυνθην; (σκληρός, which see); the Sept. for הִקְשָׁה and הִזֵּק, to make hard, to harden; properly, in Hippocrates and Galen; metaphorically, to render obstinate, stubborn (A. V. to harden): τινα, Romans 9:18 (in opposed to those who interpret it to treat harshly, cf. Fritzsche, vol. ii., p. 323f; (cf., too, Meyer at the passage)); τήν καρδίαν τίνος, Hebrews 3:8, 15 and Hebrews 4:7 (from Psalm 94:8 Strong's Exhaustive Concordance harden. From skleros; to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn -- harden. see GREEK skleros Forms and Transliterations εσκλήρυναν εσκλήρυνας εσκλήρυνε εσκληρύνθη εσκληρυνοντο εσκληρύνοντο ἐσκληρύνοντο σκληρυνει σκληρύνει σκληρυνείτε σκληρυνητε σκληρύνητε σκληρυνθείη σκληρυνθη σκληρυνθή σκληρυνθῇ σκληρυνομένη σκληρυνώ σκληρώς σκνίπα σκνίπες σκολιάζων esklerunonto esklērunonto esklerynonto esklerýnonto esklērynonto esklērýnonto sklerunei sklērunei sklerunete sklērunēte sklerunthe sklērunthē sklerynei sklerýnei sklērynei sklērýnei sklerynete sklerýnete sklērynēte sklērýnēte sklerynthe sklērynthē sklerynthêi sklērynthē̂iLinks Interlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel TextsEnglishman's Concordance Acts 19:9 V-IIM/P-3PGRK: δέ τινες ἐσκληρύνοντο καὶ ἠπείθουν NAS: some were becoming hardened and disobedient, KJV: divers were hardened, and INT: moreover some were hardened and disobeyed Romans 9:18 V-PIA-3S Hebrews 3:8 V-PSA-2P Hebrews 3:13 V-ASP-3S Hebrews 3:15 V-PSA-2P Hebrews 4:7 V-PSA-2P Strong's Greek 4645 |
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