Luke 13:28
There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God, but you yourselves are thrown out.
In that place
This phrase refers to a specific location of judgment and separation from God. The Greek word used here is "ἐκεῖ" (ekeí), which denotes a distinct place, often implying a place of consequence or significance. In the context of Jesus' teachings, this place is often understood as hell or a state of eternal separation from God. The imagery of a specific place underscores the reality and seriousness of divine judgment.

there will be
The phrase indicates certainty and inevitability. The Greek verb "ἔσται" (estai) is in the future tense, emphasizing that this is a prophetic declaration of what will definitely occur. It serves as a solemn warning to the listeners about the consequences of rejecting God's invitation to salvation.

weeping and gnashing of teeth
This vivid imagery is frequently used in the New Testament to describe the anguish and regret of those who are separated from God. The Greek words "κλαυθμὸς" (klauthmós) for weeping and "βρυγμὸς" (brygmós) for gnashing convey intense emotional and physical distress. Historically, gnashing of teeth was a sign of extreme anguish or anger. This phrase paints a picture of the profound sorrow and remorse experienced by those who realize too late the consequences of their choices.

when you see
The act of seeing here is significant. The Greek word "ὅταν" (hótan) implies a future event that will be witnessed. This suggests that those who are judged will have a clear and undeniable awareness of what they have lost. It highlights the painful realization and acknowledgment of the truth they previously rejected.

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
These patriarchs are central figures in Jewish history and faith, representing the covenantal promises of God. Their presence in the kingdom of God signifies the fulfillment of God's promises and the continuity of His plan through history. The mention of these patriarchs serves as a reminder of the faith and obedience that God honors, contrasting with the disbelief and disobedience of those who are excluded.

and all the prophets
The prophets were God's messengers, calling His people to repentance and faithfulness. Their inclusion in the kingdom of God underscores the importance of heeding God's word and the consequences of ignoring it. Historically, the prophets faced rejection and persecution, yet their faithfulness is rewarded in God's kingdom, serving as a testament to the triumph of God's truth.

in the kingdom of God
This phrase refers to the realm of God's sovereign rule, where His will is perfectly fulfilled. The Greek "βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ" (basileía toú Theoú) encompasses both a present spiritual reality and a future physical manifestation. It is a place of righteousness, peace, and joy, contrasting starkly with the place of weeping and gnashing of teeth. The kingdom of God is the ultimate hope and inheritance for believers.

but you yourselves are thrown out
The contrast here is stark and personal. The Greek "ἐκβάλλω" (ekbállō) means to cast out or expel, indicating a forceful removal. This serves as a sobering warning to those who presume upon their status or heritage without true faith and repentance. It emphasizes personal responsibility and the necessity of a genuine relationship with God. The exclusion from the kingdom is not arbitrary but a result of one's own choices and rejection of God's offer of salvation.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
These patriarchs are central figures in the history of Israel and are often seen as the founding fathers of the Jewish faith. Their presence in the kingdom of God signifies the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel.

2. The Prophets
These are the messengers of God who spoke His word to the people of Israel. Their inclusion in the kingdom highlights the importance of heeding God's message.

3. The Kingdom of God
This represents the realm where God's rule is fully realized. It is a place of eternal fellowship with God and His people.

4. Weeping and Gnashing of Teeth
This phrase is a vivid depiction of regret and anguish, often associated with the final judgment and separation from God.

5. Those Thrown Out
This refers to individuals who assumed they were part of God's kingdom but are ultimately excluded due to their unbelief or disobedience.
Teaching Points
The Reality of Judgment
Jesus' words remind us of the seriousness of eternal judgment. It is crucial to examine our faith and ensure it is genuine and rooted in Christ.

The Importance of Faith Over Heritage
Being part of God's kingdom is not about physical descent or religious affiliation but about a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.

Heeding the Prophets and God's Word
The inclusion of the prophets in the kingdom underscores the importance of listening to and obeying God's word as revealed in Scripture.

The Urgency of Repentance
The imagery of being "thrown out" serves as a warning to repent and turn to God while there is still time.

The Joy of the Kingdom
While the passage warns of exclusion, it also paints a picture of the joy and fulfillment found in the kingdom of God, encouraging believers to persevere in faith.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the presence of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of God challenge our understanding of who belongs to God's people?

2. In what ways can we ensure that our faith is genuine and not merely based on tradition or heritage?

3. How does the concept of "weeping and gnashing of teeth" impact your view of eternal judgment and the urgency of sharing the gospel?

4. What lessons can we learn from the prophets about listening to and obeying God's word in our daily lives?

5. How can the joy and fulfillment of the kingdom of God motivate us to live faithfully in the present?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Matthew 8:11-12
This passage similarly speaks of many coming from the east and west to sit with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom, while the "sons of the kingdom" are cast out, emphasizing the unexpected nature of God's kingdom.

Romans 9:6-8
Paul discusses how not all who are descended from Israel are true Israel, highlighting the importance of faith over mere heritage.

Revelation 21:4
Contrasts the weeping and gnashing of teeth with the promise that God will wipe away every tear in the new creation, offering hope to believers.
Christ's Farewell Words to the TheocracyR.M. Edgar Luke 13:22-35
Almost Saved, Yet RejectedH. Melvill, B. D. .Luke 13:25-30
Exile from GodBishop Woodford.Luke 13:25-30
False Dependence on Church PrivilegesH. Melvill, B. D.Luke 13:25-30
LessonsJames Foote, M. A.Luke 13:25-30
ReversingsJ. E. Henry,M. A.Luke 13:25-30
The Disappointments Which Will Take Place At the Day of JudgmentT. Dwight, D. D.Luke 13:25-30
The Doom of Self-DeceiversA. F. Barfield.Luke 13:25-30
The Heathen Entering the Kingdom of GodLuke 13:25-30
The Reversal of Ordinary JudgmentsA. H. Craufurd, M. A.Luke 13:25-30
The Sinner in Presence of the JudgmentDe la Rue.Luke 13:25-30
Thrust Out of the Kingdom of HeavenLuke 13:25-30
People
Hen, Herod, Isaac, Jacob, Jesus, Pilate
Places
Jerusalem, Road to Jerusalem, Siloam
Topics
Cast, Cries, Driven, Excluded, Forth, Gnash, Gnashing, Isaac, Jacob, Kingdom, Outside, Prophets, Reign, Shut, Sorrow, Teeth, Thrown, Thrust, Weep, Weeping, Yourselves
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Luke 13:28

     5132   biting
     5189   teeth
     5436   pain
     5567   suffering, emotional
     6139   deadness, spiritual

Luke 13:22-29

     5006   human race, destiny

Luke 13:22-30

     2426   gospel, responses

Luke 13:23-28

     9513   hell, as incentive to action

Luke 13:24-28

     2377   kingdom of God, entry into
     6227   regret

Luke 13:28-29

     5078   Abraham, significance
     9150   Messianic banquet

Luke 13:28-30

     7135   Israel, people of God

Library
A Changed Life
TEXT: "And, behold, there was a woman which had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years, and was bowed together, and could in no wise lift herself up. And when Jesus saw her, he called her to him, and said unto her, Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity: And he laid his hands on her; and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God."--Luke 13:11-13. These verses present to us one of the most interesting stories imaginable--of interest to us first because it is one of our Lord's miracles,
J. Wilbur Chapman—And Judas Iscariot

True Sabbath Observance
'And He was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath. 11. And, behold, there was a woman which had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years, and was bowed together, and could in no wise lift up herself. 12. And when Jesus saw her, He called her to Him, and said unto her, Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity. 13. And He laid His hands on her: and immediately she was made straight, and glorified God. 14. And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

The Strait Gate
'And He went through the cities and villages, teaching, and journeying toward Jerusalem. 23. Then said one unto Him, Lord, are there few that be saved? And He said unto them, 24. Strive to enter in at the strait gate: for many, I say unto you, will seek to enter in, and shall not he able. 25. When once the Master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, Lord, open unto us; and He shall answer and say unto you, I know
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

Christ's Message to Herod
'And he said unto them, Go ye, and tell that fox, Behold, I cast out devils, and I do cures to-day and to-morrow, and the third day I shall be perfected. 33. Nevertheless I must walk to-day, and to-morrow, and the day following: for it cannot be that a prophet perish out of Jerusalem.'--LUKE xiii. 32, 33. Even a lamb might be suspicious if wolves were to show themselves tenderly careful of its safety. Pharisees taking Christ's life under their protection were enough to suggest a trick. These men
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

On the Words of the Gospel, Luke xiii. 21 and 23, Where the Kingdom of God is Said to be "Like unto Leaven, which a Woman
1. "The three measures of meal" [3461] of which the Lord spake, is the human race. Recollect the deluge; three only remained, from whom the rest were to be re-peopled. Noe had three sons, by them was repaired the human race. That holy "woman who hid the leaven," is Wisdom. Lo, the whole world crieth out in the Church of God, "I know that the Lord is great." [3462] Yet doubtless there are but few who are saved. Ye remember a question which was lately set before us out of the Gospel, "Lord," it was
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

On the Words of the Gospel, Luke xiii. 6, Where we are Told of the Fig-Tree, which Bare no Fruit for Three Years; and of The
1. Touching "the fig-tree" which had its three years' trial, and bare no fruit, and "the woman which was in an infirmity eighteen years," hearken to what the Lord may grant me to say. The fig-tree is the human race. And the three years are the three times; one before the Law, the second under the Law, the third under grace. Now there is nothing unsuitable in understanding by "the fig-tree" the human race. For when the first man sinned, he covered his nakedness with fig-leaves; [3442] covered those
Saint Augustine—sermons on selected lessons of the new testament

Upon Our Lord's SermonOn the Mount
Discourse 11 "Enter ye in at the strait gate: For wide is the gate, and broad is the way, which leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in threat: Because strait is the gate, and narrow is the way, which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it." Mat. 7:13, 14. 1. Our Lord, having warned us of the dangers which easily beset us at our first entrance upon real religion, the hinderances which naturally arise from within, from the wickedness of our own hearts; now proceeds to apprize
John Wesley—Sermons on Several Occasions

The Mustard Seed: a Sermon for the Sabbath-School Teacher
At this time of the year, Sabbath-school teachers come together especially to pray for a blessing on their work, and pastors are invited to say a word to cheer them in their self-denying service. This request I would cheerfully fulfill, and therefore my discourse will not be a full explanation of the parable, but an adaptation of it to the cheering of those who are engaged in the admirable work of teaching the young the fear of the Lord. Never service more important; to overlook it would be a grave
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 35: 1889

Accidents, not Punishments
Now, men and brethren, such things as these have always happened in all ages of the world. Think not that this is a new thing; do not dream, as some do, that this is the produce of an overwrought civilization, or of that modern and most wonderful discovery of steam. If the steam engine had never been known, and if the railway had never been constructed, there would have been sudden deaths and terrible accidents, not withstanding. In taking up the old records in which our ancestors wrote down their
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 7: 1861

Liii. Repentance Enjoined. Parable of the Barren Fig-Tree.
^C Luke XIII. 1-9. ^c 1 Now there were some present at that very season [At the time when he preached about the signs of the times, etc. This phrase, however, is rather indefinite--Matt. xii. 1; xiv. 1] who told him of the Galilaeans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. 2 And he answered and said unto them, Think ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they have suffered these things? 3 I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all in like
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Sabbath Healing. Mustard Seed and Leaven.
(Probably Peræa.) ^C Luke XIII. 10-21. ^c 10 And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath day. [Our Lord's habit of teaching in the synagogue, which had been for some time interrupted by his retirement, had probably been revived during the mission of the seventy.] 11 And behold, a woman that had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years; and she was bowed together, and could in no wise lift herself up. [The use of the word "spirit" in this verse indicates that the curvature of the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Strait Gate. Warned against Herod.
(Peræa.) ^C Luke XIII. 22-35. ^c 22 And he went on his way through cities and villages, teaching, and journeying on unto Jerusalem. [This verse probably refers back to verse 10, and indicates that Jesus resumed his journey after the brief rest on the Sabbath day when he healed the woman with the curvature of the spine.] 23 And one said unto him, Lord, are they few that are saved? [It is likely that this question was asked by a Jew, and that the two parables illustrating the smallness of the
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

At the Feast of the Dedication of the Temple.
ABOUT two months had passed since Jesus had left Jerusalem after the Feast of Tabernacles. Although we must not commit ourselves to such calculations, we may here mention the computation which identifies the first day of the Feast of Tabernacles of that year [4376] with Thursday the 23rd September; the last, the Great Day of the Feast,' with Wednesday the 29th; the Octave of the Feast with the 30th September; and the Sabbath when the man born blind was healed with the 2nd of October. [4377] In that
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Christ's Discourses in Peræa - Close of the Peræan Ministry
From the Parables we now turn to such Discourses of the Lord as belong to this period of His Ministry. Their consideration may be the more brief, that throughout we find points of correspondence with previous or later portions of His teaching. Thus, the first of these Discourses, of which we have an outline, [4708] recalls some passages in the Sermon on the Mount,' [4709] as well as what our Lord had said on the occasion of healing the servant of the centurion. [4710] But, to take the first of these
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

The Historical Situation
1. When Tacitus, the Roman historian, records the attempt of Nero to charge the Christians with the burning of Rome, he has patience for no more than the cursory remark that the sect originated with a Jew who had been put to death in Judea during the reign of Tiberius. This province was small and despised, and Tacitus could account for the influence of the sect which sprang thence only by the fact that all that was infamous and abominable flowed into Rome. The Roman's scornful judgment failed to
Rush Rhees—The Life of Jesus of Nazareth

The Early Ministry in Judea
113. We owe to the fourth gospel our knowledge of the fact that Jesus began his general ministry in Jerusalem. The silence of the other records concerning this beginning cannot discredit the testimony of John. For these other records themselves indicate in various ways that Jesus had repeatedly sought to win Jerusalem before his final visit at the end of his life (compare Luke xiii. 34; Matt. xxiii. 37). Moreover, the fourth gospel is confirmed by the probability, rising almost to necessity, that
Rush Rhees—The Life of Jesus of Nazareth

The Barren Fig-Tree.
"There were present at that season some that told him of the Galileans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices. And Jesus answering said unto them, Suppose ye that these Galileans were sinners above all the Galileans, because they suffered such things? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem? I tell you, Nay: but, except
William Arnot—The Parables of Our Lord

Completeness and Universality of his Character.
THE next feature we would notice is the completeness or pleromatic fullness of the moral and religious character of Christ. While all other men represent, at best, but broken fragments of the idea of goodness and holiness, he exhausts the list of virtues and graces which may be named. His soul is a moral paradise full of charming flowers, shining in every variety of color under the blue dome of the skies, drinking in the refreshing dews of heaven and the warming beams of the sun, sending its sweet
Philip Schaff—The Person of Christ

The Christian Convert Warned Of, and Animated against those Discouragements which He must Expect to Meet when Entering on a Religious Course.
1. Christ has instructed his disciples to expect opposition and difficulties in the way to heaven.--2. Therefore a more particular view of them is taken, as arising from the remainder of indwelling sin.--3. From the world, and especially from former sinful companions.--4. From the temptations and suggest ions of Satan.--5, 6. The Christian is animated and encouraged, by various considerations, to oppose them; particularly by the presence of God; the aids of Christ; the example of others, who, though
Philip Doddridge—The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul

The Sluggard.
The sluggard. The wishes that the sluggard frames, Prov 6:10; 24:30; 22:13; 20:4 Of course must fruitless prove; With folded arms he stands and dreams, But has no heart to move. His field from others may be known, The fence is broken through; The ground with weeds is overgrown, And no good crop in view. No hardship, he, or toil, can bear, No difficulty meet; He wastes his hours at home, for fear Of lions in the street. What wonder then if sloth and sleep, Distress and famine bring! Can he in
John Newton—Olney Hymns

St. Athanasius,
PART I (AD 325-337) Alexander, the bishop of Alexandria by whom Arius had been excommunicated, died soon after returning home from the Council of Nicaea; and Athanasius, who was then about thirty years of age, was chosen in his stead, and governed the Alexandrian Church for six-and-forty years. Every one knows the name of St. Athanasius, from the creed which is called after it. That creed, indeed, was not made by St. Athanasius himself; but, as the Prayer-book says, it is "commonly called" his, because
J. C. Roberston—Sketches of Church History, from AD 33 to the Reformation

Wesley's Remarkable vitality
1752. Sunday, March 15 (London).--While I was preaching at West Street in the afternoon, there was one of the most violent storms I ever remember. In the midst of the sermon a great part of a house opposite to the chapel was blown down. We heard a huge noise but knew not the cause; so much the more did God speak to our hearts, and great was the rejoicing of many in confidence of His protection. Between four and five I took horse, with my wife and daughter. The tiles were rattling from the houses
John Wesley—The Journal of John Wesley

The Hopeless Condition of the Left-Behind Ones.
What will happen when Christendom awakens to the solemn fact that the real Church, the Church of God, has been removed from this earth and taken to be with the Lord? Again we say, it is not difficult for our imagination to supply the answer. But we are not left to the exercise of our imagination; the Holy Scriptures contain a plain and full reply to our inquiry. The Word of God intimates that following the Rapture of the saints many of the left-behind ones will earnestly seek the salvation of their
Arthur W. Pink—The Redeemer's Return

First Attempts on Jerusalem.
Jesus, almost every year, went to Jerusalem for the feast of the passover. The details of these journeys are little known, for the synoptics do not speak of them,[1] and the notes of the fourth Gospel are very confused on this point.[2] It was, it appears, in the year 31, and certainly after the death of John, that the most important of the visits of Jesus to Jerusalem took place. Many of the disciples followed him. Although Jesus attached from that time little value to the pilgrimage, he conformed
Ernest Renan—The Life of Jesus

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