Topical Bible: Herbs: Lentiles

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Topical Encyclopedia

Lentiles, commonly known today as lentils, are small, lens-shaped legumes that have been cultivated since ancient times. They are one of the earliest domesticated crops and have been a staple in the diet of many cultures throughout history. In the Bible, lentiles are mentioned in several contexts, highlighting their significance in the diet and culture of the ancient Near East.

Biblical References

1. Genesis 25:29-34: The most notable mention of lentiles in the Bible is in the account of Esau and Jacob. Esau, returning famished from the field, encounters Jacob cooking a stew of lentiles. In his hunger, Esau agrees to sell his birthright to Jacob in exchange for the stew. The passage reads: "Once when Jacob was cooking some stew, Esau came in from the field, and he was famished. He said to Jacob, 'Let me eat some of that red stew, for I am famished.' That is why he was also called Edom. 'First sell me your birthright,' Jacob replied. 'Look,' said Esau, 'I am about to die, so what good is a birthright to me?' But Jacob said, 'Swear to me first.' So Esau swore to Jacob and sold him the birthright. Then Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew. Esau ate and drank, and then got up and went on his way. Thus Esau despised his birthright."

2. 2 Samuel 23:11-12: Lentiles are also mentioned in the context of a battle. Shammah, one of David's mighty warriors, defended a field of lentiles against the Philistines. The passage states: "And after him was Shammah the son of Agee the Hararite. The Philistines had gathered together into a troop where there was a plot of ground full of lentils, and the people fled from the Philistines. But he took his stand in the middle of the plot and defended it, and struck down the Philistines, and the LORD brought about a great victory."

3. Ezekiel 4:9: Lentiles are included in the list of ingredients for a symbolic bread that the prophet Ezekiel is instructed to make. This bread was to be a sign to the people of Israel during their time of siege. The verse reads: "Take wheat and barley, beans and lentils, millet and spelt; put them in a single vessel and make them into bread for yourself. You are to eat it during the number of days you lie on your side—390 days."

Cultural and Nutritional Significance

In biblical times, lentiles were a common and important food source. They are rich in protein, fiber, and essential nutrients, making them a valuable part of the diet. Lentiles were often used in stews and soups, providing sustenance and nourishment. Their ability to grow in various climates and soils made them a reliable crop for ancient peoples.

The account of Esau and Jacob illustrates the value placed on lentiles as a food source, as well as the impulsive nature of Esau's decision to trade his birthright for a meal. This narrative has been interpreted as a lesson on the importance of valuing spiritual inheritance over immediate physical needs.

In the account of Shammah, the defense of a field of lentiles signifies the importance of agricultural resources and the protection of one's livelihood. The victory attributed to the LORD in this context underscores the belief in divine intervention and support in the defense of the land and its produce.

Overall, lentiles in the Bible serve as a symbol of sustenance, cultural heritage, and the choices that define one's legacy.

Torrey's Topical Textbook

Genesis 25:34
Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his birthright.
Torrey's Topical Textbook