The concept of the king's anointing and joy is deeply rooted in the biblical narrative, symbolizing divine selection, empowerment, and the resulting joy that accompanies God's favor. Anointing, in the biblical context, is the ritual act of pouring oil on a person's head, signifying consecration and the Holy Spirit's presence. This act is often associated with the appointment of kings, priests, and prophets, marking them as chosen by God for a specific purpose.

Anointing of Kings in the Old Testament

The anointing of kings is a significant theme in the Old Testament, where it serves as a divine endorsement of leadership. The first king of Israel, Saul, was anointed by the prophet Samuel as recorded in 1 Samuel 10:1: "Then Samuel took a flask of oil, poured it on Saul’s head, kissed him, and said, 'Has not the LORD anointed you ruler over His inheritance?'" This anointing was a public declaration of Saul's divine appointment as king.

David, the second king of Israel, was also anointed by Samuel. In 1 Samuel 16:13, it is written, "So Samuel took the horn of oil and anointed him in the presence of his brothers, and the Spirit of the LORD rushed upon David from that day forward." David's anointing was accompanied by the Holy Spirit's empowerment, signifying God's presence and favor.

The Joy of Anointing

The anointing of a king is not only a solemn act of consecration but also a source of joy. This joy is both personal and communal, reflecting the king's delight in God's favor and the people's celebration of God's chosen leader. Psalm 45:7 captures this dual aspect: "You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you above your companions with the oil of joy." The "oil of joy" signifies the gladness that accompanies divine approval and righteous leadership.

The joy associated with anointing is also prophetic, pointing to the ultimate anointed one, the Messiah. Isaiah 61:1-3 speaks of the Messiah's anointing and mission, which includes bringing good news, healing, and comfort, culminating in the "oil of joy instead of mourning."

Messianic Fulfillment

The New Testament reveals Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of the anointed king, the Messiah. In Luke 4:18-19, Jesus reads from Isaiah 61, declaring, "The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, because He has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to release the oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor." Jesus' anointing by the Holy Spirit at His baptism (Matthew 3:16-17) marks the beginning of His public ministry, characterized by divine authority and joy.

Hebrews 1:9 further affirms Jesus' anointing and joy: "You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of joy above Your companions." This passage echoes Psalm 45:7, emphasizing Jesus' unique role as the anointed King whose reign brings joy and righteousness.

Theological Implications

The king's anointing and joy have profound theological implications. Anointing signifies God's choice and empowerment, while joy reflects the fulfillment of God's purposes through His chosen servant. For believers, this theme underscores the importance of divine calling and the joy that comes from living in alignment with God's will. The anointing of Jesus as the Messiah assures Christians of His sovereign rule and the joy of salvation He brings to all who trust in Him.