The inauguration of the priesthood is a significant event in the history of Israel, marking the establishment of the Levitical priesthood as ordained by God. This event is primarily detailed in the Book of Leviticus, specifically in chapters 8 and 9, where the consecration of Aaron and his sons is described. The priesthood was instituted to serve as mediators between God and the people of Israel, performing sacrifices and maintaining the sanctity of the Tabernacle.

Biblical Context

The inauguration of the priesthood follows the giving of the Law at Mount Sinai and the construction of the Tabernacle, as recorded in the Book of Exodus. God commanded Moses to consecrate Aaron and his sons as priests, setting them apart for sacred duties. This event is a fulfillment of God's earlier promise to make Israel "a kingdom of priests and a holy nation" (Exodus 19:6).

Ceremonial Procedures

The consecration ceremony, as described in Leviticus 8, involved several key elements:

1. Gathering of the Assembly: Moses was instructed to gather the entire assembly at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting (Leviticus 8:3). This public gathering underscored the communal nature of the priesthood and its role in the life of the nation.

2. Washing and Vestments: Aaron and his sons were washed with water, symbolizing purification (Leviticus 8:6). They were then clothed in sacred garments, including the ephod, breastpiece, and turban, signifying their new status and responsibilities (Leviticus 8:7-9).

3. Anointing: Moses anointed the Tabernacle and all its furnishings with oil, consecrating them for holy use. He then anointed Aaron, pouring the anointing oil on his head to sanctify him (Leviticus 8:10-12).

4. Sacrifices: A series of sacrifices were offered, including a sin offering, a burnt offering, and a ram of ordination. These sacrifices were essential for atonement and dedication (Leviticus 8:14-29).

5. Blood Rituals: Moses applied the blood of the ram of ordination to Aaron and his sons, placing it on their right ears, thumbs, and big toes. This act symbolized the consecration of their entire being to God's service (Leviticus 8:23-24).

6. Seven-Day Consecration: Aaron and his sons were commanded to remain at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting for seven days, completing their ordination and signifying the completeness of their consecration (Leviticus 8:33-35).

Commencement of Priestly Duties

On the eighth day, Aaron and his sons began their priestly duties. Leviticus 9 describes how Aaron offered sacrifices for himself and the people, following God's instructions through Moses. The culmination of this event was the appearance of the glory of the LORD to all the people, and fire came out from before the LORD to consume the burnt offering on the altar (Leviticus 9:23-24). This divine manifestation confirmed God's acceptance of the priesthood and the sacrificial system.

Theological Significance

The inauguration of the priesthood is foundational for understanding the role of mediation and atonement in the Old Testament. The priests served as intermediaries, offering sacrifices to atone for the sins of the people and maintain the covenant relationship with God. This priestly function foreshadows the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who offers a perfect and eternal sacrifice for sin (Hebrews 7:27).

The consecration of Aaron and his sons also emphasizes the holiness required of those who serve in God's presence. The detailed rituals and sacrifices underscore the seriousness of approaching a holy God and the need for purification and dedication in His service.