The narrative of Saul seeking to kill his son Jonathan is a dramatic episode found within the larger context of the strained relationship between King Saul and David, as well as Saul's deteriorating mental state. This event is recorded in 1 Samuel 20, where the tension between Saul and Jonathan reaches a critical point.

Context and Background

King Saul, the first king of Israel, was initially chosen by God but later rejected due to his disobedience (1 Samuel 15:26). As Saul's reign progressed, he became increasingly paranoid and jealous, particularly of David, whom he perceived as a threat to his throne. David had found favor in the eyes of the people and was anointed by the prophet Samuel to be the next king of Israel (1 Samuel 16:13).

Jonathan, Saul's son, formed a deep and covenantal friendship with David (1 Samuel 18:1-4). Despite his father's animosity towards David, Jonathan remained loyal to his friend, recognizing David's future role as king and God's hand upon him.

The Incident

The specific incident where Saul seeks to kill Jonathan occurs during the New Moon festival. David, fearing for his life, chooses not to attend the feast and instead hides in the field. He and Jonathan devise a plan to discern Saul's intentions towards David (1 Samuel 20:5-23).

During the feast, Saul notices David's absence and questions Jonathan about it. Jonathan attempts to cover for David, saying he had gone to Bethlehem for a family sacrifice (1 Samuel 20:28-29). Saul's response is one of intense anger, revealing his deep-seated hatred for David and his frustration with Jonathan's loyalty to him.

In a fit of rage, Saul hurls his spear at Jonathan, intending to kill him. This act of violence confirms to Jonathan that his father is determined to kill David (1 Samuel 20:33). The Berean Standard Bible records this moment: "Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him; so Jonathan knew that his father intended to kill David" (1 Samuel 20:33).

Significance

This episode highlights several key themes in the biblical narrative. Firstly, it underscores the tragic decline of Saul's kingship, marked by irrationality and violence. Saul's attempt to kill his own son illustrates the extent of his moral and spiritual decay.

Secondly, the incident emphasizes the strength and integrity of Jonathan's character. Despite the personal risk, Jonathan remains steadfast in his commitment to David, prioritizing righteousness and God's will over familial loyalty. His actions exemplify the biblical principle of covenant faithfulness.

Lastly, the event foreshadows the eventual transition of power from Saul to David. Jonathan's recognition of David's future kingship and his willingness to protect him, even at the cost of his relationship with his father, aligns with God's sovereign plan for Israel.

Conclusion

The account of Saul seeking to kill Jonathan is a poignant reminder of the destructive nature of jealousy and the importance of faithfulness to God's purposes. It serves as a testament to the enduring friendship between Jonathan and David and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through the lineage of David.