The account of Paul's desire to keep Onesimus is primarily found in the New Testament book of Philemon. Onesimus was a slave who belonged to Philemon, a Christian leader in the Colossian church. The epistle to Philemon is a personal letter from the Apostle Paul, written during his imprisonment, likely in Rome around A.D. 60-62. This letter provides a profound insight into the early Christian approach to social relationships, particularly concerning slavery.

Background

Onesimus, whose name means "useful" or "profitable," had fled from Philemon, possibly after committing some wrongdoing. During his flight, he encountered Paul, who was under house arrest. Under Paul's influence, Onesimus converted to Christianity. The transformation in Onesimus's life is evident as Paul refers to him as "my child, whom I have begotten in my imprisonment" (Philemon 1:10).

Paul's Appeal

In his letter, Paul appeals to Philemon not only to forgive Onesimus but also to receive him back not merely as a slave but as a beloved brother in Christ. Paul writes, "I am sending him back to you, him who is my very heart" (Philemon 1:12). This statement underscores the deep affection and spiritual bond that had developed between Paul and Onesimus.

Paul expresses a desire to keep Onesimus with him, stating, "I wanted to keep him with me, so that on your behalf he might minister to me in my chains for the gospel" (Philemon 1:13). This indicates that Onesimus had become a valuable assistant to Paul, providing support and companionship during his imprisonment.

Theological Implications

Paul's request to Philemon is not merely a personal favor but is deeply rooted in Christian theology. He emphasizes the new identity and equality that believers have in Christ, transcending social and cultural barriers. Paul writes, "For perhaps this is why he was separated from you for a while, so that you might have him back for good—not as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother" (Philemon 1:15-16).

This appeal reflects the transformative power of the gospel, which redefines relationships and calls for a radical love and acceptance among believers. Paul's approach to Onesimus and Philemon exemplifies the early Christian community's commitment to reconciliation and unity in Christ.

Social Context

In the Roman Empire, slavery was a pervasive institution, and runaway slaves faced severe punishment. By interceding on behalf of Onesimus, Paul challenges the prevailing social norms and advocates for a new way of relating to one another within the Christian community. His letter to Philemon is a subtle yet powerful critique of the institution of slavery, urging Philemon to act out of love and not compulsion.

Conclusion

Paul's desire to keep Onesimus highlights the apostle's pastoral heart and his commitment to the principles of the gospel. Through his appeal, Paul demonstrates the importance of forgiveness, reconciliation, and the recognition of the inherent dignity of every individual in Christ. The letter to Philemon remains a timeless testament to the transformative impact of Christian love and fellowship.