The title "Son of Man" is one of the most significant and frequently used designations for Jesus in the New Testament, emphasizing both His humanity and His divine authority. This title, deeply rooted in the Old Testament, particularly in the prophetic literature, underscores Jesus' unique role and mission.

Old Testament Background

The term "Son of Man" appears prominently in the book of Daniel. In Daniel 7:13-14 , the prophet describes a vision: "In my vision in the night I continued to watch, and I saw One like a Son of Man coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into His presence. And He was given dominion, glory, and kingship, that the people of every nation and language should serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and His kingdom is one that will never be destroyed." This passage highlights the eschatological figure who is granted authority, glory, and sovereign power by God, the Ancient of Days.

New Testament Usage

In the Gospels, Jesus frequently refers to Himself as the "Son of Man," a title that encapsulates His mission and authority. This self-designation is used in various contexts, each revealing different aspects of His authority.

1. Authority to Forgive Sins: In Mark 2:10 , Jesus declares, "But so that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins..." This statement, made in the context of healing a paralytic, demonstrates His divine prerogative to forgive sins, a power traditionally ascribed to God alone.

2. Lord of the Sabbath: Jesus asserts His authority over religious law in Mark 2:28 : "So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath." By claiming lordship over the Sabbath, Jesus positions Himself above the Mosaic Law, indicating His divine authority to interpret and fulfill the law.

3. Authority in Teaching: The crowds recognized Jesus' unique authority in teaching. In Matthew 7:29 , it is noted, "because He taught as one who had authority, and not as their scribes." His teachings carried intrinsic authority, reflecting His divine wisdom and understanding.

4. Authority over Nature and Demons: Jesus' authority extends over the natural and supernatural realms. In Matthew 8:27 , after calming a storm, the disciples marvel, "What kind of man is this? Even the winds and the sea obey Him!" Similarly, His authority over demons is evident in numerous exorcisms, such as in Mark 1:27 , where the people are amazed and say, "What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him."

5. Authority in Judgment: Jesus speaks of His role in judgment, as seen in John 5:27 : "And He has given Him authority to execute judgment, because He is the Son of Man." This authority to judge is a divine function, affirming His role in the final judgment.

6. Authority in His Death and Resurrection: Jesus foretells His suffering, death, and resurrection, emphasizing His authority over life and death. In John 10:18 , He states, "No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of My own accord. I have authority to lay it down and authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from My Father."

Theological Implications

The authority of Jesus as the Son of Man is central to understanding His identity and mission. It affirms His divinity, His fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy, and His role as the mediator between God and humanity. His authority is not derived from human institutions but is inherent and divinely bestowed, as seen in His power to forgive sins, command nature, and execute judgment. This authority is a testament to His unique position as the incarnate Son of God, who came to establish God's kingdom and offer salvation to all who believe.