Introduction:
Elihu, a relatively young figure in the Book of Job, emerges as a significant voice in the dialogue concerning Job's suffering. His speeches are found in Job 32-37, where he addresses Job and his three friends—Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. Elihu's discourse is distinct in that he claims to speak with divine inspiration, offering a fresh perspective on the nature of suffering and God's justice.

Background:
Elihu, the son of Barakel the Buzite, is introduced in Job 32:2. Unlike Job's three friends, Elihu is not mentioned at the beginning of the book, suggesting his role as an unexpected voice. His lineage ties him to the family of Ram, indicating a connection to the broader patriarchal traditions.

Structure of Elihu's Discourse:
Elihu's speeches can be divided into several key sections:

1. Introduction and Justification for Speaking (Job 32:6-22):
Elihu begins by expressing his hesitance to speak due to his youth but feels compelled by the Spirit of God. He criticizes the three friends for failing to provide Job with satisfactory answers and asserts that wisdom is not limited by age.

"But it is the spirit in a man, the breath of the Almighty, that gives him understanding." (Job 32:8)

2. Rebuke of Job's Self-Justification (Job 33):
Elihu addresses Job directly, challenging his claims of innocence and his questioning of God's justice. He emphasizes that God communicates with humans in various ways, including dreams and suffering, to turn them from wrongdoing.

"For God speaks in one way and in another, yet no one notices." (Job 33:14)

3. Defense of God's Justice (Job 34):
Elihu argues that God is just and cannot do wrong. He insists that God repays individuals according to their deeds and that His governance of the world is righteous.

"Far be it from God to do wickedness, and from the Almighty to act unjustly." (Job 34:10)

4. God's Sovereignty and Wisdom (Job 35-37):
Elihu extols God's greatness and sovereignty, emphasizing that human actions do not affect God’s essence. He describes God's control over nature and His inscrutable wisdom, urging Job to consider the majesty of God.

"Listen to this, O Job; stand still and consider the wonders of God." (Job 37:14)

Theological Themes:

1. Divine Inspiration and Human Wisdom:
Elihu claims that true wisdom comes from God, not from human experience or age. His speeches highlight the belief that God can inspire individuals to speak truth, regardless of their social standing or age.

2. The Purpose of Suffering:
Elihu introduces the idea that suffering can be a form of divine communication and correction. Unlike the retributive justice suggested by the three friends, Elihu suggests that suffering may serve a redemptive purpose, drawing individuals closer to God.

3. God's Transcendence and Immanence:
Elihu emphasizes both the transcendence and immanence of God. While God is beyond human comprehension, He is also intimately involved in the world, guiding and correcting His creation.

4. Human Limitation and Divine Mystery:
Elihu underscores the limitations of human understanding in the face of divine mystery. He calls for humility and reverence before God's inscrutable ways, urging Job to trust in God's wisdom and justice.

Conclusion:
Elihu's discourse serves as a prelude to God's own response to Job, setting the stage for the divine speeches that follow. His emphasis on God's justice, wisdom, and the purpose of suffering provides a nuanced perspective within the broader narrative of the Book of Job.