The "Brook of Egypt" is a term used in the Bible to describe a geographical boundary, often associated with the southern border of the land promised to the Israelites. It is mentioned in several passages, serving as a significant landmark in the delineation of territories.

Biblical References:

1. Genesis 15:18 : In the covenant God made with Abram, the land promised extends "from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates." The "river of Egypt" here is commonly understood to refer to the Brook of Egypt, marking the southwestern boundary of the Promised Land.

2. Numbers 34:5 : In the description of the boundaries of the land of Canaan, the southern border is said to extend "from Azmon to the Brook of Egypt, and end at the Sea." This passage highlights the Brook of Egypt as a key point in the southern border of the land allocated to the Israelites.

3. Joshua 15:4 : The territory of the tribe of Judah is described as reaching "to the Brook of Egypt and ending at the Sea." This further emphasizes the brook as a boundary marker for the tribal allotments within the Promised Land.

4. 1 Kings 8:65 : During the dedication of the Temple, Solomon held a feast "from Lebo-hamath to the Brook of Egypt," indicating the extent of his kingdom's influence and the brook's role as a boundary.

5. 2 Kings 24:7 : The passage notes that the king of Egypt did not venture out of his land again, for the king of Babylon had taken all the land "from the Brook of Egypt to the Euphrates River." This illustrates the brook's significance as a geopolitical boundary during the period of the divided kingdoms.

Geographical Identification:

The Brook of Egypt is traditionally identified with the Wadi El-Arish, a dry riverbed or seasonal stream (wadi) located in the northeastern part of the Sinai Peninsula. This identification is based on historical and geographical considerations, as well as its alignment with biblical descriptions of the southern border of the Promised Land.

Theological Significance:

The Brook of Egypt holds theological importance as it represents the extent of the land promised by God to the descendants of Abraham. It serves as a tangible reminder of God's covenantal promises and the fulfillment of His word to the patriarchs. The brook's role as a boundary also underscores the distinct identity and separation of the Israelites from surrounding nations, in accordance with God's instructions for them to be a holy and set-apart people.

Historical Context:

In the ancient Near East, the Brook of Egypt would have been a significant geographical feature, marking the boundary between the land of Canaan and Egypt. Its mention in various biblical texts reflects its importance in the historical and political landscape of the region. The brook's identification as a boundary marker in biblical narratives highlights the Israelites' understanding of their divinely appointed inheritance and the territorial limits established by God.