Mark 11:21

Peter remembered it and said, "Look, Rabbi! The fig tree You cursed has withered."

Study Bible

Peter remembered it
The phrase "Peter remembered it" highlights the role of memory and recognition in the life of a disciple. The Greek word for "remembered" is "ἀναμιμνῄσκομαι" (anamimnēskomai), which implies a calling to mind or recollection. This moment signifies Peter's growing awareness and understanding of Jesus' teachings and actions. In the broader scriptural context, memory serves as a tool for faith, reminding believers of God's past works and promises. Peter's recollection here is not just a mental exercise but a spiritual awakening to the authority and power of Jesus.

and said
The phrase "and said" indicates Peter's verbal response to his memory. The act of speaking in biblical times was often seen as an expression of one's inner thoughts and beliefs. In the Greek, "said" is "λέγω" (legō), which means to speak or to declare. This moment of speech is significant as it shows Peter's willingness to engage with Jesus, to seek understanding, and to express his observations. It reflects the importance of dialogue in the discipleship process, where questions and declarations lead to deeper insights.

Look, Rabbi!
"Look, Rabbi!" is an exclamation of surprise and respect. The term "Rabbi" is derived from the Hebrew "רַבִּי" (rabbi), meaning "my teacher" or "my master." This title acknowledges Jesus' authority and role as a teacher. Peter's use of "Look" (Greek "ἴδε" - ide) is an invitation to observe and consider the significance of the event. It underscores the importance of attentiveness in the Christian walk, urging believers to be observant of God's work in the world. The respect inherent in "Rabbi" also reminds us of the reverence due to those who teach and lead in faith.

The fig tree You cursed
"The fig tree You cursed" refers to the earlier event where Jesus cursed the fig tree for its lack of fruit (Mark 11:14). The fig tree, in biblical symbolism, often represents Israel or the spiritual state of God's people. The Greek word for "cursed" is "καταράομαι" (kataraomai), meaning to invoke harm or to denounce. This act of cursing is a prophetic sign, illustrating the consequences of spiritual barrenness and the importance of bearing fruit in one's life. It serves as a warning against hypocrisy and a call to genuine faithfulness.

has withered
The phrase "has withered" describes the physical state of the fig tree after Jesus' curse. The Greek word "ξηραίνω" (xērainō) means to dry up or to waste away. This withering is a visible manifestation of Jesus' authority over creation and a testament to the power of His words. In a broader theological context, it symbolizes the fate of those who do not live in accordance with God's will. The withering of the fig tree serves as a powerful reminder of the need for spiritual vitality and the consequences of spiritual neglect. It calls believers to examine their own lives for fruitfulness and faithfulness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Peter
One of Jesus' closest disciples, known for his impulsive nature and strong faith. Here, he observes and comments on the withered fig tree.

2. Jesus (Rabbi)
The central figure of the New Testament, whose actions and teachings are the foundation of Christian faith. He had previously cursed the fig tree for not bearing fruit.

3. The Fig Tree
A symbol of fruitfulness and often used in Scripture to represent Israel. Jesus cursed it for its lack of fruit, serving as a metaphor for spiritual barrenness.

4. The Temple
While not directly mentioned in this verse, the event occurs in the context of Jesus' cleansing of the temple, highlighting themes of judgment and purification.

5. Jerusalem
The city where these events take place, significant as the center of Jewish worship and the location of the temple.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Bearing Fruit
Just as the fig tree was expected to bear fruit, Christians are called to produce spiritual fruit in their lives. This includes love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control (Galatians 5:22-23).

Faith and Prayer
Jesus uses this event to teach about the power of faith and prayer. Believers are encouraged to have faith in God and to pray with confidence, trusting in His power to act.

Judgment and Accountability
The withering of the fig tree serves as a warning of judgment for spiritual barrenness. It reminds believers of the importance of living a life that reflects God's righteousness and truth.

Symbolism of the Fig Tree
The fig tree represents Israel and, by extension, the church. It serves as a reminder that outward appearances of religiosity are not enough; true faith must be accompanied by genuine spiritual fruit.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the withering of the fig tree relate to the concept of spiritual fruitfulness in your own life?

2. In what ways can you cultivate a deeper faith and more effective prayer life, as demonstrated by Jesus' teaching in this passage?

3. How does the symbolism of the fig tree challenge you to examine areas of spiritual barrenness or fruitfulness in your life?

4. What lessons can be drawn from the connection between the cleansing of the temple and the cursing of the fig tree regarding purity and holiness?

5. How do other scriptures, such as John 15:1-8, enhance your understanding of the importance of remaining in Christ to bear fruit?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 21:18-22
This parallel account provides additional context and emphasizes the power of faith and prayer.

John 15:1-8
Jesus speaks about the importance of bearing fruit, using the metaphor of the vine and branches, which connects to the theme of spiritual fruitfulness.

Isaiah 5:1-7
The Song of the Vineyard, where God expects fruit from His vineyard (Israel) but finds none, paralleling the fig tree's barrenness.

Jeremiah 8:13
God speaks of gathering them but finding no grapes on the vine or figs on the fig tree, symbolizing judgment on unfaithfulness.