Luke 19:43
For the days will come upon you when your enemies will barricade you and surround you and hem you in on every side.
For the days will come upon you
This phrase is a prophetic declaration, indicating a future event that is certain to occur. The Greek word for "days" (ἡμέραι, hēmerai) often signifies a specific period marked by significant events. In this context, it refers to the impending judgment upon Jerusalem. Historically, this prophecy was fulfilled in A.D. 70 when the Roman army besieged Jerusalem. The phrase underscores the inevitability of divine prophecy and serves as a solemn reminder of the consequences of rejecting God's messengers.

when your enemies
The term "enemies" (ἐχθροί, echthroi) refers to those who are hostile or opposed. In the historical context, this specifically points to the Roman forces led by Titus. Spiritually, it can also symbolize the broader opposition faced by those who reject God's will. The use of "your" personalizes the message, indicating that these adversaries are a direct consequence of the actions and choices of the people of Jerusalem.

will barricade you
The word "barricade" (χάραξ, charax) refers to a military tactic involving the construction of a palisade or rampart. This was a common siege method used to isolate a city, cutting off supplies and escape routes. Archaeological evidence from the Roman siege of Jerusalem confirms the use of such tactics. This imagery conveys the thoroughness and inescapability of the coming judgment, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation.

and surround you
To "surround" (περιβάλλω, periballō) means to encircle completely. This term paints a picture of total encirclement, leaving no room for escape. Historically, the Roman legions encircled Jerusalem, leading to its eventual fall. Theologically, it serves as a metaphor for the encompassing nature of divine judgment when a people persistently reject God's overtures of grace.

and hem you in on every side
The phrase "hem you in" (συνέχω, synechō) suggests being pressed or confined tightly. The imagery here is of being trapped with no possibility of escape, highlighting the severity of the siege. "On every side" emphasizes the completeness of the encirclement. This reflects the totality of the judgment that comes upon those who turn away from God's path. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of spiritual blindness and the rejection of Christ's message.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jesus Christ
The speaker of this prophecy, Jesus is addressing the people of Jerusalem, foretelling the city's impending destruction due to their rejection of Him as the Messiah.

2. Jerusalem
The city that is the focal point of Jesus' prophecy. Known as the holy city, it holds significant religious and historical importance for the Jewish people.

3. Enemies
Refers to the Roman forces that would later besiege Jerusalem in 70 AD, leading to its destruction. This event is a fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy.

4. The Siege of Jerusalem
A historical event that occurred in 70 AD when Roman armies, led by Titus, surrounded and eventually destroyed Jerusalem, fulfilling Jesus' prophecy.

5. The Jewish People
The primary audience of Jesus' prophecy, representing those who would experience the consequences of rejecting Him.
Teaching Points
Prophetic Fulfillment
Jesus' words in Luke 19:43 highlight the accuracy and reliability of biblical prophecy. Believers can trust in the fulfillment of God's Word.

Consequences of Rejection
The destruction of Jerusalem serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of rejecting God's offer of salvation through Jesus Christ.

Spiritual Vigilance
Just as Jerusalem was warned, believers are called to remain spiritually vigilant and responsive to God's call, avoiding complacency in their faith.

Historical Validation
The historical fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy in 70 AD provides evidence for the truth of Scripture and the divine nature of Jesus' teachings.

Call to Repentance
This passage serves as a call to repentance, urging individuals to turn to Christ and accept His salvation to avoid spiritual destruction.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the historical fulfillment of Jesus' prophecy in Luke 19:43 strengthen your faith in the reliability of Scripture?

2. In what ways can the consequences faced by Jerusalem serve as a warning for us today in our spiritual walk?

3. How can we apply the lesson of spiritual vigilance from this passage to our daily lives?

4. What other biblical prophecies can you identify that have been fulfilled, and how do they impact your understanding of God's sovereignty?

5. How does the call to repentance in this passage challenge you personally, and what steps can you take to respond to it?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Matthew 24:2
Jesus also predicts the destruction of the temple, emphasizing the certainty of Jerusalem's downfall due to the people's unbelief.

Daniel 9:26
The prophecy of the Anointed One being cut off and the subsequent destruction of the city and sanctuary aligns with Jesus' prediction in Luke 19:43.

Zechariah 12:2-3
This prophecy speaks of Jerusalem being besieged by nations, which can be seen as a parallel to the events Jesus describes.
The Advent of the Humble KingR.M. Edgar Luke 19:28-48
Christ Weeping Ever JerusalemS. Martin, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
Christ Weeping Over JerusalemJohn Harris.Luke 19:41-44
Christ Weeping Over JerusalemJ. Jowett, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
Christ Weeping Over JerusalemBishop H. C. Potter.Luke 19:41-44
Christ Weeping Over SinnersB. Beddome, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
Christ's Appeal to the HeartJ. T. Stannard.Luke 19:41-44
Christ's Compassion for the Jewish PeopleW. Marsh, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
Christ's Lament Over JerusalemCanon Liddon.Luke 19:41-44
Christ's Lamentation Over JerusalemEssex RemembrancerLuke 19:41-44
Divine VisitationsH. W. Beecher.Luke 19:41-44
Divine VisitationsCanon Liddon.Luke 19:41-44
Guilty IgnoranceBishop Moberly.Luke 19:41-44
Illness Regarded as God's VisitationCanon Liddon.Luke 19:41-44
In This Thy DayW. Arnot.Luke 19:41-44
Jesus Weeping Over Perishing SinnersTheological Sketch-bookLuke 19:41-44
Jesus Weeping Over SinnersJ. M. Sherwood, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
Knowing the Time of Our VisitationJ. Bicknell.Luke 19:41-44
Our Day of GraceA. Jones.Luke 19:41-44
Tears a True Mark of ManhoodJames Foote, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
Tears on Beholding a Multitude of MenJ. Greenhough, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
Tenth Sunday After TrinityJ. A. Seiss, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
The Saviour's Tears Over JerusalemA. R. Bonar, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
The Sinner's DayJ. Burns, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
The Solicitude of Christ for Incorrigible SinnersG. Spring, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
The Tears and Lamentations of JesusC. H. Spurgeon.Luke 19:41-44
The Tears of JesusClerical WorldLuke 19:41-44
The Tears of JesusW. Taylor, D. D.Luke 19:41-44
The Tears of JesusS. W. Sheffington, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
The Tears of JesusDean VaughanLuke 19:41-44
The Tears of JesusG. H. Jackson.Luke 19:41-44
The Tears of LoveC. H. Spurgeon.Luke 19:41-44
The Things Belonging to Our PeaceH. J. Hastings, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
The Time of VisitationCanon Liddon.Luke 19:41-44
The Visitation of JerusalemCanon Liddon.Luke 19:41-44
Three Times in a Nation's HistoryF. W. Robertson, M. A.Luke 19:41-44
Times of VisitationC. M. Merry.Luke 19:41-44
Too LateDr. Talmage.Luke 19:41-44
People
Jesus, Zacchaeus
Places
Bethany, Bethphage, Jericho, Jerusalem, Mount of Olives, Olivet
Topics
Attackers, Bank, Barricade, Build, Cast, Close, Compass, Earthworks, Embankment, Encircle, Encompass, Enemies, Foes, Hem, Hemming, Investing, Mound, Palisaded, Press, Rampart, Round, Surround, Throw, Trench, Wall
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Luke 19:43

     5529   sieges

Luke 19:29-44

     2590   Christ, triumphal entry

Luke 19:41-44

     6702   peace, destruction
     8351   teachableness

Library
August 31 Evening
Occupy till I come.--LUKE 19:13. The Son of man is as a man taking a far journey, who left his house, and gave authority to his servants, and to every man his work, and commanded the porter to watch.--Unto one he gave five talents, to another two, and to another one; to every man according to his several ability; and straightway took his journey. I must work the works of him that sent me, while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work.--Wist ye not that I must be about my Father's business?--Leaving
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

October 28. "Thou Good Servant, Because Thou Hast Been Faithful in a Very Little, have Thou Authority Over Ten Cities" (Luke xix. 17).
"Thou good servant, because thou hast been faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities" (Luke xix. 17). It is not our success in service that counts, but our fidelity. Caleb and Joshua were faithful and God remembered it when the day of visitation came. It was a very difficult and unpopular position, and all of us are called in the crisis of our lives to stand alone and in this very matter of trusting God for victory over sin and our full inheritance in Christ we have all to be
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

The Kingdom of Christ
LUKE xix. 41. And when he was come near, he beheld the city, and wept over it. Let us think awhile what was meant by our Lord's weeping over Jerusalem. We ought to learn thereby somewhat more of our Lord's character, and of our Lord's government. Why did he weep over that city whose people would, in a few days, mock him, scourge him, crucify him, and so fill up the measure of their own iniquity? Had Jesus been like too many, who since his time have fancied themselves saints and prophets, would
Charles Kingsley—Discipline and Other Sermons

Melted by Kindness
'And when Jesus came to the place, He looked up, and saw him, and said unto him, Zacchaeus, make haste, and come down; for to-day I must abide at thy house.' --LUKE xix. 5. It is characteristic of Luke that only he tells the story of Zacchaeus. He always dwells with special interest on incidents bringing out the character of Christ as the Friend of outcasts. His is eminently the Gospel of forgiveness. For example, we owe to Him the three supreme parables of the lost sheep, the lost coin, and the
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

The Trading Servants
'Then came the first, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained ten pounds.... And the second came, saying, Lord, thy pound hath gained five pounds.' --LUKE xix.16, 18. The Evangelist, contrary to his usual practice, tells us what was the occasion of this parable. It was spoken at Jericho, on our Lord's last journey to Jerusalem, Bethany was but a day's march distant; Calvary but a week ahead. An unusual tension of spirit marked our Lord's demeanour, and was noticed by the disciples with awe. It infected
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

The Rewards of the Trading Servants
'Because thou hast been faithful in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities... Be thou also over five cities.'--LUKE xix. 17, 19. The relation between this parable of the pounds and the other of the talents has often been misunderstood, and is very noteworthy. They are not two editions of one parable variously manipulated by the Evangelists, but they are two parables presenting two kindred and yet diverse aspects of one truth. They are neither identical, as some have supposed, nor contradictory,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

A New Kind of King
'And when He was come nigh, even now at the descent of the mount of Olives, the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the mighty works that they had seen; 38. Saying, Blessed be the King that cometh in the name of the Lord: peace in heaven, and glory in the highest. 38. And some of the Pharisees from among the multitude said unto Him, Master, rebuke Thy disciples. 40. And He answered and said unto them, I tell you that, if these should hold their
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions Of Holy Scripture

December the Eighteenth the Sinner's Guest
"He is gone to be guest with a man that is a sinner." --LUKE xix. 1-10. It was hurled as an accusation; it has been treasured as a garland. It was first said in contempt; it is repeated in adoration. It was thought to reveal His earthliness; it is now seen to unveil His glory. Our Saviour seeks the home of the sinner. The Best desires to be the guest of the worst. He spreads His kindnesses for the outcasts, and He offers His friendship to the exile on the loneliest road. He waits to befriend the
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

August the Twenty-Sixth Missing the Lord
"Thou knowest not the time of thy visitation." --LUKE xix. 37-44. Yes, that has been my sad experience. I have wasted some of my wealthiest seasons. I have treated the hour as common and worthless, and the priceless opportunity has passed. There have been times when my Lord has come to me, and I have turned Him away from my door. He so often journeys "incognito," and if I am thoughtless I dismiss Him, and so lose the privilege of heavenly communion and benediction. He knocks at my door as a Carpenter,
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

Effectual Calling
1. Now, first, effectual calling is a very gracious truth. You may guess this from the fact that Zaccheus was a character whom we should suppose the last to be saved. He belonged to a bad city--Jericho--a city which had been cursed, and no one would suspect that any one would come out of Jericho to be saved. It was near Jericho that the man fell among thieves; we trust Zaccheus had no hand in it; but there are some who, while they are publicans, can be thieves also. We might as well expect converts
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 2: 1856

The Mission of the Son of Man
Our text announces as a declaration of our Saviour, that he, the Son of Man, is come to seek and to save that which was lost. In addressing you this morning, I shall simply divide my discourse thus:--First, I shall lay it down as a selfevident truth, that whatever was the intention of Christ in his coming into the world that intention most certainly shall never be frustrated. We shall then in the second place, look into the intention of Christ, as announced in the text, viz., "to seek and to save
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

A Day to be Remembered
"And Jesus said unto him, This day is salvation come to this house."--Luke 19:9. OBSERVE, DEAR FRIENDS, that our Lord spoke this sentence to Zacchaeus. Some of us may have fancied that he said it to the objecting people, but he did not. They may have heard it, and their objection may have been answered by it, but the main purpose of our blessed Lord, in uttering those words, was not to answer objectors, but to comfort one who might feel dispirited by their murmuring remark. Therefore, "Jesus said
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 46: 1900

The Honoured Guest
ARE you prepared, like Zaccheus, to give the Lord Jesus Christ a glad and grateful welcome? If we would obtain the full benefit of his devoted life, his atoning death, and his triumphant resurrection, we must receive him into our hearts by simple faith, and entertain him with tender love. Outside the door of our heart Jesus is a stranger; he is no Saviour to us; but inside the heart which has been opened, by divine grace, to admit him, his power is displayed, his worth is known, and his goodness
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 61: 1915

The Tears of Christ.
(Tenth Sunday after Trinity.) S. LUKE xix. 41. "He beheld the city, and wept over it." The saddest sight, save one, in the history of the world is that pictured in the text--the Son of God weeping over the city which God had chosen to put His Name there. Let us, in fancy, to-day look upon the scene on which our Saviour looked, and recall the history of that city which had lost sight of the things concerning her peace. No other city in the world, not even Rome, has such a wonderful story as Jerusalem.
H. J. Wilmot-Buxton—The Life of Duty, a Year's Plain Sermons, v. 2

The Consequences of Sin.
10th Sunday after Trinity. S. Luke xix, 42. "If thou hadst known, even thou, at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace! but now they are hid from thine eyes." INTRODUCTION.--I spoke to you the other day about the measure of sin, and showed you that there was a certain limit allotted to every man, beyond which he could not go and still expect forgiveness, a point in the downward course at which the Holy Spirit will cease to strive to hold him back. We see in this day's Gospel
S. Baring-Gould—The Village Pulpit, Volume II. Trinity to Advent

Ciii. Zacchæus. Parable of the Pounds. Journey to Jerusalem.
(Jericho.) ^C Luke XIX. 1-28. ^c 1 And he entered and was passing through Jericho. [This was about one week before the crucifixion. Jericho is about seven miles from the Jordan and about seventeen and a half from Jerusalem.] 2 And behold, a man called by name Zacchaeus; and he was a chief publican, and he was rich. [See p. 76. It is probable that Zacchæus was a sub-contractor under some Roman knight who had bought the privilege of collecting taxes at Jericho, or perhaps the privilege of all
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

In Jericho and at Bethany - Jericho - a Guest with Zacchæus - the Healing of Blind Bartimæus - the Plot at Jerusalem - at Bethany,
ONCE more, and now for the last time, were the fords of Jordan passed, and Christ was on the soil of Judæa proper. Behind Him were Peræa and Galilee; behind Him the Ministry of the Gospel by Word and Deed; before Him the final Act of His Life, towards which all had consciously tended. Rejected as the Messiah of His people, not only in His Person but as regarded the Kingdom of God, which, in fulfilment of prophecy and of the merciful Counsel of God, He had come to establish, He was of
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Last Week of Jesus.
Jesus did in fact set out with his disciples to see once more, and for the last time, the unbelieving city. The hopes of his companions were more and more exalted. All believed, in going up to Jerusalem, that the kingdom of God was about to be realized there.[1] The impiety of men being at its height, was regarded as a great sign that the consummation was at hand. The persuasion in this respect was such, that they already disputed for precedence in the kingdom.[2] This was, it is said, the moment
Ernest Renan—The Life of Jesus

The Servants and the Pounds.
"And as they heard these things, he added and spake a parable, because he was nigh to Jerusalem, and because they thought that the kingdom of God should immediately appear. He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom, and to return. And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, and said unto them, Occupy till I come. But his citizens hated him, and sent a message after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us. And
William Arnot—The Parables of Our Lord

General Principles of Interpretation. 1 Since the Bible Addresses Men in Human Language...
CHAPTER XXXIV. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION. 1. Since the Bible addresses men in human language, and according to human modes of thinking and speaking, the interpreter's first work is to ascertain the meaning of the terms employed. Here he must proceed as in the case of other writings, seeking by the aid of grammars, lexicons, cognate languages, ancient versions, ancient interpreters, and whatever other outward helps are available, to gain a thorough knowledge of the language employed by
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

Monday in Passion Week. And when He was Come Near, He Beheld the City and Wept Over It.
And when He was come near, He beheld the city and wept over it. Du weinest für Jerusalem [76]Heermann. 1630. trans. by Catherine Winkworth, 1855 Thou weepest o'er Jerusalem, Lord Jesus, bitter tears; But deepest comfort lies in them For us, whose sins have filled our soul with tears: Since they that tell, When sinners turn to Thee Thou lov'st it well, And surely wilt efface, of Thy unbounded grace, All the misdeeds that on our conscience dwell. When God's just wrath and anger burn Against
Catherine Winkworth—Lyra Germanica: The Christian Year

Epistle Xlvii. To Dominicus, Bishop.
To Dominicus, Bishop. Gregory to Dominicus, Bishop of Carthage [1454] . We have received with the utmost gratification the letters of your Fraternity, which have reached us somewhat late by the hands of Donatus and Quodvultdeus, our most reverend brethren and fellow-bishops, and also Victor the deacon with Agilegius the notary. And though we thought that we had suffered loss from the tardiness of their coming, yet we find gain from their more abundant charity; seeing that from this delay in point
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

Epistle xii. To Conon, Abbot of Lirinus (Lerins).
To Conon, Abbot of Lirinus (Lerins). Gregory to Conon, Abbot of the Monastery of Lirinus [126] . The carefulness of persons in authority is the safeguard of subjects, since one who watches over what is entrusted to him avoids the snares of the enemy. But how skilful thou art in ruling the brethren, and how earnestly watchful in keeping guard over them, we have learnt from the report of our most reverend brother and fellow-bishop Mennas [127] . And as our hearing of the unwary remissness of thy predecessor
Saint Gregory the Great—the Epistles of Saint Gregory the Great

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