Joshua 9:11
So the elders and inhabitants of our land told us, 'Take provisions for your journey; go to meet them and say to them: We are your servants. Please make a treaty with us.'
So the elders and inhabitants of our land told us,

Gibeon’s elders exercised recognized authority over the city and its surrounding settlements. Having heard of Jericho, Ai, and Israel’s God, the people united behind a plan intended to preserve their lives from the judgment falling on Canaan.

Jdg 11:5-6 and made war with them, the elders of Gilead…
1Sa 8:4-5 So all the elders of Israel gathered together…
2Ki 11:17 Then Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king…

‘Take provisions for your journey;

Worn bread, patched wineskins, and old clothing would support their claim to have traveled from a far country. Israel had been commanded to make peace with distant peoples, while the Canaanite nations were marked for judgment because of their entrenched wickedness (Deuteronomy 20:10–18).

Gen 45:21 So the sons of Israel did as they were told.…
Jos 1:11 Go through the camp and tell the people,…
Gen 42:25 Then Joseph gave orders to fill their bags with grain,…

go to meet them and say to them:

Rather than waiting for Israel’s army to arrive, the Gibeonites sought Israel deliberately. Their action acknowledged Israel’s strength and, more importantly, the supremacy of the LORD who had given Israel the land.

1Sa 25:5-8 So David sent ten young men and instructed them,…
Exo 4:27-28 Meanwhile, the LORD had said to Aaron, “Go and meet Moses…
Gen 32:4-5 He instructed them, “You are to say to my master Esau,…

We are your servants.

The offer of servitude was an appeal for mercy and protection under Israel’s authority. Though their words concealed their identity, their willingness to submit distinguished them from the Canaanite kings who gathered to resist Israel.

2Ki 10:5 So the palace administrator, the overseer of the city…
Gen 50:18 His brothers also came to him, bowed down before him…
Gen 44:16 “What can we say to my lord?” Judah replied.…

Please make a treaty with us.’

A treaty confirmed by oath was binding before God and could not be broken without guilt. The Gibeonites would obtain protection through deception, yet Israel’s obligation to honor its sworn word would reveal the seriousness with which the LORD regards covenants.

Gen 26:28-31 “We can plainly see that the LORD has been with you,”…
Gen 31:44-45 Come now, let us make a covenant, you and I…
Gen 21:27 So Abraham brought sheep and cattle and gave them…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Elders of Gibeon
The leaders of the Gibeonite people who devised a plan to deceive the Israelites into making a peace treaty.

2. Gibeonites
Inhabitants of Gibeon, a Canaanite city, who feared the Israelites and sought to make a treaty with them through deception.

3. Israelites
The people of God, led by Joshua, who were conquering the land of Canaan as God had commanded.

4. Joshua
The leader of the Israelites, who was responsible for making decisions regarding treaties and warfare.

5. Canaan
The land promised to the Israelites by God, which they were in the process of conquering.
Teaching Points
Discernment and Seeking God’s Guidance
The Israelites failed to seek God's counsel before making a treaty with the Gibeonites. This teaches us the importance of seeking God's guidance in all decisions, especially those that seem straightforward.

The Deceptiveness of Appearances
The Gibeonites' deception reminds us that appearances can be misleading. We must be cautious and discerning, testing everything against God's Word.

The Importance of Integrity
Despite being deceived, the Israelites honored their treaty with the Gibeonites. This highlights the importance of keeping our commitments and maintaining integrity, even when it is difficult.

God’s Sovereignty and Mercy
Despite the deception, God used the situation for His purposes. This shows that God can work through our mistakes and still bring about His plans.
Bible Study Questions
1. How did the Gibeonites' fear of the Israelites lead them to devise their plan, and what does this teach us about the power of fear in decision-making?

2. In what ways can we ensure that we are seeking God's guidance in our daily decisions, and how can we apply this to our current life situations?

3. How does the Israelites' response to the Gibeonites' deception challenge us to uphold our commitments, even when circumstances change?

4. What are some modern-day examples of situations where appearances can be deceiving, and how can we apply biblical discernment in these cases?

5. How does the account of the Gibeonites and the Israelites illustrate God's ability to use our mistakes for His purposes, and how can this encourage us in our walk with God?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 20:10-18
Provides instructions on making treaties with distant cities, which the Gibeonites exploited by pretending to be from a distant land.

Exodus 23:32-33
Warns against making covenants with the inhabitants of the land, highlighting the Israelites' failure to seek God's guidance in this situation.

2 Samuel 21:1-2
Describes the consequences of Saul breaking the treaty with the Gibeonites, showing the long-term impact of this event.
A Canaanitish StratagemA. B. Mackay.Joshua 9:3-27
A Judgment Over Self- RelianceF. B. Meyer, B. A.Joshua 9:3-27
Beguiled by the Crafty EnemyJ. C. Miller, D. D.Joshua 9:3-27
Causes of RaggednessJ. E. Clarke, M. A.Joshua 9:3-27
Going AstrayW. G. Barrett.Joshua 9:3-27
Hasty JudgmentsH. M. Scudder, D. D.Joshua 9:3-27
Joshua Made Peace with ThemC. Ness.Joshua 9:3-27
League Made with the GibeonitesW. Seaton.Joshua 9:3-27
Mistakes Divinely OverruledF. B Meyer, B. A.Joshua 9:3-27
Old Shoes and Clouted, Patched ClothingD. Davies.Joshua 9:3-27
Pious FraudsW. G. Blaikie, DD.Joshua 9:3-27
Reprehensible Self-DistortionThomas Parsons.Joshua 9:3-27
Saints May be Outwitted by the WorldH. G. Salter.Joshua 9:3-27
Seek Direction from GodR. P. Buddicom, M. A.Joshua 9:3-27
The GibeonitesJ. Parker, D. D.Joshua 9:3-27
The Submission of the GibeonitesR. Glover Joshua 9:3-27
People
Amorites, Canaanites, Gibeon, Gibeonites, Hittites, Hivite, Hivites, Israelites, Jebusites, Joshua, Og, Perizzites, Sihon
Places
Ai, Ashtaroth, Bashan, Beeroth, Egypt, Gibeon, Gilgal, Great Sea, Heshbon, Jericho, Jordan River, Kiriath-jearim, Lebanon
Topics
Agreement, Covenant, Elders, Inhabitants, Journey, League, Meet, Provision, Provisions, Responsible, Saying, Servants, Spake, Speak, Spoke, Treaty, Victuals, Wherefore
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Joshua 9:3-13

     4548   wineskin

Joshua 9:3-15

     8720   double-mindedness

Joshua 9:3-16

     5592   treaty

Joshua 9:3-21

     5430   oaths, human

Joshua 9:3-22

     5920   pretence

Joshua 9:3-27

     4552   wood
     6701   peace, search for

Joshua 9:11-13

     5357   journey

Library
Of a Good Government in External Things, and of Having Recourse to God in Dangers
"My Son, for this thou must diligently make thy endeavour, that in every place and outward action or occupation thou mayest be free within, and have power over thyself; and that all things be under thee, not thou under them; that thou be master and ruler of thy actions, not a slave or hireling, but rather a free and true Hebrew, entering into the lot and the liberty of the children of God, who stand above the present and look upon the eternal, who with the left eye behold things transitory, and with
Thomas A Kempis—Imitation of Christ

Letters of St. Bernard
I To Malachy. 1141.[924] (Epistle 341.) To the venerable lord and most blessed father, Malachy, by the grace of God archbishop of the Irish, legate of the Apostolic See, Brother Bernard called to be abbot of Clairvaux, [desiring] to find grace with the Lord. 1. Amid the manifold anxieties and cares of my heart,[925] by the multitude of which my soul is sore vexed,[926] the brothers coming from a far country[927] that they may serve the Lord,[928] thy letter, and thy staff, they comfort
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Conflicts with Giant Mistake
CONFLICTS WITH GIANT MISTAKE I make so many mistakes, it seems I am just a bundle of contradictions. I try to do good; but at times my efforts are so crude that I seem to do more harm than good. What shall I do? And though all the time I try hard not to make mistakes, yet I still make them. It seems to me that surely I am not sanctified, or else I should be more perfect. Do not the Scriptures command us to be perfect even as our Father in heaven is perfect? I am not perfect; far from it. Really I
Robert Lee Berry—Adventures in the Land of Canaan

Being Made Archbishop of Armagh, He Suffers Many Troubles. Peace Being Made, from Being Archbishop of Armagh He Becomes Bishop of Down.
[Sidenote: 1129] 19. (12). Meanwhile[365] it happened that Archbishop Cellach[366] fell sick: he it was who ordained Malachy deacon, presbyter and bishop: and knowing that he was dying he made a sort of testament[367] to the effect that Malachy ought to succeed him,[368] because none seemed worthier to be bishop of the first see. This he gave in charge to those who were present, this he commanded to the absent, this to the two kings of Munster[369] and to the magnates of the land he specially enjoined
H. J. Lawlor—St. Bernard of Clairvaux's Life of St. Malachy of Armagh

Joshua
The book of Joshua is the natural complement of the Pentateuch. Moses is dead, but the people are on the verge of the promised land, and the story of early Israel would be incomplete, did it not record the conquest of that land and her establishment upon it. The divine purpose moves restlessly on, until it is accomplished; so "after the death of Moses, Jehovah spake to Joshua," i. 1. The book falls naturally into three divisions: (a) the conquest of Canaan (i.-xii.), (b) the settlement of the
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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