Job 20:23

When he has filled his stomach, God will vent His fury upon him, raining it down on him as he eats.

Study Bible

When he has filled his stomach
This phrase suggests a moment of perceived satisfaction and self-sufficiency. In the Hebrew context, the stomach often symbolizes the seat of appetite and desire. The imagery here is of a person who has indulged in worldly pleasures and material gains, reaching a point of fullness. Historically, this reflects the human tendency to seek fulfillment in earthly things, often neglecting spiritual needs. Theologically, it serves as a warning against the dangers of pride and self-reliance, reminding believers that true satisfaction comes from God alone.

God will vent His fury upon him
The Hebrew word for "fury" here is "אף" (aph), which can also mean anger or wrath. This phrase underscores the divine response to human arrogance and sin. In the biblical narrative, God's fury is not arbitrary but a just response to unrighteousness. It reflects the holiness of God and His intolerance of sin. From a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a reminder of the reality of divine judgment and the need for repentance and humility before God.

and rain it down on him
The imagery of rain is often used in Scripture to denote abundance, whether of blessing or judgment. Here, it signifies the overwhelming and inescapable nature of God's judgment. The historical context of rain in the ancient Near East, a region dependent on rain for survival, adds depth to this metaphor. Just as rain is beyond human control, so is the divine judgment. This phrase encourages believers to live in reverence and obedience to God, acknowledging His sovereignty over all creation.

as his food
This phrase completes the metaphor of consumption, turning the object of satisfaction into the means of judgment. The Hebrew word for "food" is "לחם" (lechem), which can also mean bread. In a broader scriptural context, bread is a staple of life, symbolizing sustenance and provision. Here, it ironically becomes the medium of divine retribution. This serves as a powerful reminder that what one consumes in life, whether physically or spiritually, has consequences. It calls Christians to seek sustenance in the Word of God and to live lives that reflect His righteousness.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zophar the Naamathite
One of Job's three friends who comes to comfort him. In this chapter, Zophar is speaking, offering his perspective on the fate of the wicked.

2. Job
The central figure of the book, a man of great faith and patience who endures immense suffering and loss.

3. God
The sovereign deity who is ultimately in control of justice and retribution, as depicted in this passage.

4. The Wicked
Although not a specific person, this term refers to those who live in opposition to God's ways, whom Zophar believes will face divine retribution.

5. Divine Retribution
The event or concept of God executing justice upon those who are wicked, as described by Zophar.

Teaching Points

Understanding Divine Justice
Zophar's speech reflects a belief in the certainty of divine justice. While his application to Job is misguided, the principle that God will ultimately judge the wicked is consistent with biblical teaching.

The Danger of Misapplying Truth
Zophar's error was in misapplying a general truth about God's justice to Job's specific situation. We must be careful not to assume we understand God's purposes in others' suffering.

The Sovereignty of God
This passage reminds us of God's ultimate control over justice. We can trust that He will address wrongs in His timing and way.

The Consequences of Wickedness
The imagery of God’s fury being like food for the wicked serves as a stark warning about the consequences of living in opposition to God.

Patience in Suffering
Job's account, including the speeches of his friends, encourages us to remain patient and faithful, even when we do not understand our circumstances.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Zophar's perspective on divine justice compare to other biblical teachings on the fate of the wicked?

2. In what ways can we ensure we are not misapplying biblical truths to the situations of others, as Zophar did with Job?

3. How does the concept of divine retribution challenge or comfort you in your current life circumstances?

4. What are some practical ways to trust in God's sovereignty when facing personal trials or witnessing injustice?

5. How can the account of Job and his friends inform our approach to comforting others who are suffering?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 11:6
This verse speaks of God raining down fiery coals and burning sulfur on the wicked, similar to the imagery used by Zophar in Job 20:23.

Proverbs 11:21
This proverb assures that the wicked will not go unpunished, reinforcing the theme of divine justice found in Job 20:23.

Romans 2:5
Paul speaks of storing up wrath for the day of God's judgment, which aligns with the idea of God venting His fury as described by Zophar.