Isaiah 53:11
After the anguish of His soul, He will see the light of life and be satisfied. By His knowledge My righteous Servant will justify many, and He will bear their iniquities.
After the anguish of His soul
This phrase speaks to the intense suffering and emotional turmoil experienced by the Servant, understood by Christians to be a prophecy of Jesus Christ. The Hebrew word for "anguish" is "עָמָל" (amal), which conveys deep labor, toil, and sorrow. This suffering is not just physical but deeply spiritual and emotional, reflecting the weight of sin and separation from God that Jesus bore on behalf of humanity. Historically, this aligns with the accounts of Jesus' agony in the Garden of Gethsemane and His crucifixion, where He experienced profound distress.

He will see the light of life
The phrase "light of life" is a powerful metaphor for resurrection and victory over death. In Hebrew, "אוֹר" (or) means "light," symbolizing hope, purity, and divine presence. This prophecy foretells the resurrection of Christ, affirming the Christian belief that Jesus conquered death and brought eternal life to believers. Theologically, this is a cornerstone of Christian faith, emphasizing that through Christ's resurrection, believers also have the promise of eternal life.

and be satisfied
The satisfaction here is not merely a sense of relief but a profound fulfillment of divine purpose. The Hebrew word "שָׂבַע" (sava) implies being filled or gratified. This satisfaction comes from the successful completion of His mission to redeem humanity. It reflects the joy and fulfillment of God's redemptive plan, as Jesus' sacrifice was not in vain but achieved the intended purpose of salvation for mankind.

By His knowledge
This phrase highlights the wisdom and understanding of the Servant. The Hebrew "דַּעַת" (da'at) refers to knowledge that is experiential and intimate. It suggests that through His experience and understanding of human suffering and sin, Jesus is able to effectively intercede and mediate for humanity. This knowledge is not just intellectual but deeply relational, emphasizing the personal nature of Christ's redemptive work.

My righteous Servant will justify many
The term "righteous Servant" underscores the sinless and holy nature of Jesus. "צַדִּיק" (tzaddik) in Hebrew means just or righteous, indicating moral integrity and divine approval. The act of justifying "many" refers to the legal declaration of righteousness bestowed upon believers through faith in Christ. This is a central tenet of Christian doctrine, where justification is seen as a gift of grace, not earned by works but granted through the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus.

and He will bear their iniquities
To "bear" iniquities means to carry or take upon oneself the sins of others. The Hebrew "נָשָׂא" (nasa) conveys the idea of lifting or carrying a burden. This is a vivid depiction of the atonement, where Jesus takes upon Himself the sins of humanity, offering Himself as the ultimate sacrifice. This act of bearing iniquities is foundational to the Christian understanding of salvation, where Jesus' sacrificial death provides the means for forgiveness and reconciliation with God.

Persons / Places / Events
1. The Righteous Servant
This refers to the Messiah, Jesus Christ, who is prophesied to suffer and bear the sins of many. He is depicted as a servant who fulfills God's will through His suffering and subsequent exaltation.

2. The Many
This term refers to those who will be justified by the Servant's actions. It encompasses all who believe in Christ and accept His sacrifice for their sins.

3. Anguish of His Soul
This phrase describes the intense suffering and emotional turmoil that the Servant endures, which is ultimately for the purpose of redemption.

4. Justification
A key theological concept where the Servant's actions result in the declaration of righteousness for those who believe. It is a legal term indicating a change in status before God.

5. Bearing Iniquities
This refers to the Servant taking upon Himself the sins of others, a substitutionary act that is central to the Christian understanding of atonement.
Teaching Points
Understanding Justification
Recognize that justification is a gift from God through faith in Jesus Christ. It is not earned by works but granted through the Servant's sacrifice.

The Role of Suffering
Reflect on how suffering can have a redemptive purpose, as seen in the life of Christ. Consider how personal trials might be used by God for a greater good.

Bearing Others' Burdens
As Christ bore our iniquities, we are called to support and bear one another's burdens, fulfilling the law of Christ.

The Light of Life
Embrace the hope and satisfaction found in the resurrection and eternal life promised through Jesus, who overcame death and suffering.

Knowledge of the Servant
Grow in the knowledge of Christ, understanding His work and its implications for our lives, leading to a deeper relationship with Him.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the concept of justification in Isaiah 53:11 influence your understanding of salvation?

2. In what ways can you see the redemptive purpose of suffering in your own life, as modeled by the Servant?

3. How can you actively bear the burdens of others in your community, following the example of Christ?

4. What does "seeing the light of life" mean to you personally, and how does it impact your daily walk with God?

5. How can you deepen your knowledge of Christ and His work, and what practical steps can you take to apply this knowledge in your life?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Isaiah 53:5
This verse highlights the suffering and wounds of the Servant, which bring healing and peace to others, reinforcing the theme of substitutionary atonement.

Romans 5:18-19
Paul discusses how through one man's obedience (Christ), many are made righteous, echoing the justification theme found in Isaiah 53:11.

2 Corinthians 5:21
This verse explains how Christ became sin for us so that we might become the righteousness of God, directly connecting to the idea of bearing iniquities.

Philippians 2:7-9
Describes Christ's humility and obedience, leading to His exaltation, similar to the Servant's journey from suffering to satisfaction.

Hebrews 9:28
Speaks of Christ bearing the sins of many, aligning with the Servant's role in Isaiah 53:11.
By His KnowledgeExpository TimesIsaiah 53:11
Christ's Satisfaction in the Salvation of SinnersIsaiah 53:11
Christ's Soul-SufferingsIsaiah 53:11
Christ's Soul-TravailIsaiah 53:11
Christ's Soul-TravailProf. R. W. Moss, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
Christ's Soul-Travail and its OutcomeC. Clemance, D. D.Isaiah 53:11
Christ's Sufferings FruitfulR. S. McAll, M. A.Isaiah 53:11
Christ's Travail and SatisfactionR. Glover, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
Christ's Vision the CrossC. F. Deems, LL.D.Isaiah 53:11
He Shall be SatisfiedW. Arnot, D. D.Isaiah 53:11
JustificationJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:11
Justification by the Knowledge of ChristJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:11
Justification by the Knowledge of ChristIsaiah 53:11
Justifying FaithJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:11
Justifying the ManyC. Clemance, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
Knowledge and FaithJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:11
Messiah SatisfiedJ. R. Macduff, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
Messiah Suffering and Messiah SatisfiedT. Binney D.D.Isaiah 53:11
My Righteous ServantJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:11
Satisfied for Sore TravailR. Tuck Isaiah 53:11
The Aspect of the Redeemer's Work Which Afforded Him SatisfactionC. Clemance, D. D.Isaiah 53:11
The Connection Between Messiahs Sufferings and Subsequent TriumphsJ. W. Etheridge.Isaiah 53:11
The Effects of Our Lord's PassionD. Wilson, M.A.Isaiah 53:11
The Fruit of Christ's SacrificeJ. Roxburgh, M.A.Isaiah 53:11
The Knowledge of ChristW. North, M.A.Isaiah 53:11
The Promised Fruit of Christ's SufferingsE. Payson, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
The Prophecy of the CrossA. W. Bealer, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
The Reward of the Redeemer's SufferingsR. Gordon, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
The Salvation of Man, the Joy of the RedeemerS. Summers.Isaiah 53:11
The Satisfaction of Christ's SufferingsJ. B. Sumner, M.A.Isaiah 53:11
The Satisfaction of Realized PurposeJ. Stalker, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
The Satisfaction of the MessiahF. B. Meyer, B.A.Isaiah 53:11
The Saviour's Ultimate JoyC. Clemance, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
The Success of the GospelE. Bradley.Isaiah 53:11
The Suffering Servant -- VAlexander MaclarenIsaiah 53:11
The Sympathy and Satisfaction of the RedeemerR. N. Young, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
The Travail of Christ's SoulJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:11
The Travail of His SoulW. Arnot, D. D.Isaiah 53:11
Travail of Soul and SatisfactionJ. Stalker, D.D.Isaiah 53:11
A Faithful Minister's SorrowJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:1-12
A Heavy Complaint and LamentationT. Boston, M.A.Isaiah 53:1-12
Christ in IsaiahF. Sessions.Isaiah 53:1-12
Christ Preached, But RejectedIsaiah 53:1-12
Christ Rejected in Our TimeIsaiah 53:1-12
Divine Power Necessary for Believing the Gospel ReportT. Boston, M. A.Isaiah 53:1-12
Do the Prophets BelieveJ. Parker, D.D.Isaiah 53:1-12
Evidences of Non-SuccessT. Boston, M. A.Isaiah 53:1-12
Gentile Prejudice Against ChristIsaiah 53:1-12
Jewish Prejudice Against ChristIsaiah 53:1-12
Ministerial SolicitudeEssex Congregational RemembrancerIsaiah 53:1-12
Preaching and HearingJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Arm of God and Human FaithF. B. Meyer, B. A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Arm of the LordJ. Parker, D.D.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Arm of the Lord RevealedJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Credibility and Importance of the Gospel ReportJ. Lathrop, D.D.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Gospel-ReportT. Boston, M. A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Jewish Nation a Vicarious SuffererA. Crawford, M.A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Jewish Nation was a Type of ChristA. Crawford, M.A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Jews and Messianic ProphecyIsaiah 53:1-12
The Little Success of the Gospel Matter of LamentationT. Boston, M. A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Messiah Referred to in Isaiah 53R.W. Moss, D.D.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Might of the Saving Arm, and How to Obtain ItF. B. Meyer, B.A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Monarch in DisguiseC. Clemance, D.D.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Necessity of FaithJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Offer of Christ in the GospelJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Prevalence of UnbeliefE. Cooper.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Rarity of Believing the Gospel-ReportT. Boston, M. A.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Servant and IsraelA. B. Davidson, D.D.Isaiah 53:1-12
The Suffering SaviourIsaiah 53:1-12
Patience and the Divine PurposeE. Johnson Isaiah 53:7-12
Believers Christ's SeedJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ a Guilt-OfferingProf. S. R. Driver, D. D.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ an Offering .For SinJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ Seeing His SeedJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ Seeing His SeedProf. S. R. Driver, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ's Complacency in the Divine SorrowsA. Mursell.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ's Death and the Law of GodProf. G.A. Smith, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ's Spiritual OffspringR. Muter, D. D.Isaiah 53:10-11
Christ's Sufferings Divinely OrdainedIsaiah 53:10-11
Christ's Sufferings; Their Cause, Nature and FruitsIsaiah 53:10-11
Divine Love and Divine SufferingA. Mursell.Isaiah 53:10-11
ExpiationIsaiah 53:10-11
God Working His Own Counsel Through Human AgencyIsaiah 53:10-11
God's Eternal Pleasure Revealed in ChristIsaiah 53:10-11
God's Purpose in the Awful Tragedy of the CrossProf. G. A. Smith, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
Human Redemption a Pleasure to the AlmightyHomilistIsaiah 53:10-11
In Messiah's OfferingDelitzsch, C. Clemance, D. D.Isaiah 53:10-11
It Pleased the Lord to Bruise HimJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:10-11
MessiahR. Muter, D. D.Isaiah 53:10-11
Notable Effects Following Christ's SufferingsJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:10-11
Seeing His SeedC. Clemance, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Atonement and its ResultsH. Melvill, B.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Atonement Indicates the Dignity of ManJames Duckworth.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Bruising of JesusJ. Wylie, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Bruising of the Son of God the Pleasure of His FatherW. Taylor.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Divine Complacency in the Sorrows of ChristA. Mursell.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Divine Purpose FufilledJ. Parsons.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Enduring Life of Christ After His SufferingsC. Clemance, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Good Pleasure of God in RedemptionJ. Durham.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Guilt-OfferingProf. G. A. Smith, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Guilt-OfferingF. B. Meyer, B. A.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Monarch Self-Surrender, a Trespass-Offering and a SinC. Clemance, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Pleasure of JehovahProf. S. R. Driver, D.D.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Posterity of ChristIsaiah 53:10-11
The Salvation of Sinners the Pleasure of GodEssex RemembrancerIsaiah 53:10-11
The Success of Christ in His WorkG. Campbell.Isaiah 53:10-11
The Unity of the Father and the Son in AtonementA. Mursell.Isaiah 53:10-11
People
Isaiah
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Accounted, Anguish, Bear, Clear, Fruit, Full, Iniquities, Instruct, Justify, Labour, Result, Righteous, Righteousness, Satisfied, Servant, Sins, Soul, Suffering, Travail
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Isaiah 53:11

     2033   Christ, humanity
     2072   Christ, righteousness
     2423   gospel, essence
     4835   light, spiritual
     6028   sin, deliverance from
     9311   resurrection, of Christ

Isaiah 53:3-12

     5426   news
     8356   unselfishness

Isaiah 53:4-11

     2315   Christ, as Lamb

Isaiah 53:4-12

     1680   types
     6616   atonement, in OT

Isaiah 53:7-12

     8797   persecution, attitudes

Isaiah 53:9-11

     2075   Christ, sinless

Isaiah 53:10-11

     1075   God, justice of
     5564   suffering, of Christ

Isaiah 53:10-12

     2057   Christ, obedience
     2530   Christ, death of
     5492   restitution
     6027   sin, remedy for
     6684   mediator

Library
October 7. "He Opened not his Mouth" (Isa. Liii. 7).
"He opened not His mouth" (Isa. liii. 7). How much grace it requires to bear a misunderstanding rightly, and to receive an unkind judgment in holy sweetness! Nothing tests a Christian character more than to have some evil thing said about him. This is the file that soon proves whether we are electro-plate or solid gold. If we could only know the blessings that lie hidden in our lives, we would say, like David, when Shimei cursed him, "Let him curse; it may be the Lord will requite me good for his
Rev. A. B. Simpson—Days of Heaven Upon Earth

The Suffering Servant --iv
'It pleased the Lord to bruise Him; He hath put Him to grief: when Thou shalt make His soul an offering for sin, He shall see His seed, He shall prolong His days, and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in His hand.'--ISAIAH liii. 10. We have seen a distinct progress of thought in the preceding verses. There was first the outline of the sorrows and rejection of the Servant; second, the profound explanation of these as being for us; third, the sufferings, death and burial of the Servant. We have
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Suffering Servant --V
'He shall see of the travail of His soul, and shall be satisfied: by His knowledge shall My righteous servant justify many; and He shall bear their iniquities'--ISAIAH liii. 11. These are all but the closing words of this great prophecy, and are the fitting crown of all that has gone before. We have been listening to the voice of a member of the race to whom the Servant of the Lord belonged, whether we limit that to the Jewish people or include in it all humanity. That voice has been confessing
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Suffering Servant --vi
'Therefore will I divide Him a portion with the great, and He shall divide the spoil with the strong; because He hath poured out His soul unto death: and was numbered with the transgressors; and He bare the sins of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.'--ISAIAH liii. 12. The first clause of this verse is somewhat difficult. There are two ways of understanding it. One is that adopted in A. V., according to which the suffering Servant is represented as equal to the greatest conquerors.
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Suffering Servant-I
'For He grew up before Him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground He hath no form nor comeliness; and when we see Him, there is no beauty that we should desire Him. 3. He was despised, and rejected of men, a Man of Sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and as one from whom men hide their face He was despised, and we esteemed Him not.'--ISAIAH liii, 2, 3. To hold fast the fulfilment of this prophecy of the Suffering Servant in Jesus it is not necessary to deny its reference to Israel.
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Suffering Servant-ii
'Surely He hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem Him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. 5. But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon Him; and with His stripes we are healed. 6. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid (made to light) on Him the iniquity of us all.'--ISAIAH liii. 4-6. The note struck lightly in the close of the preceding
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Messiah Despised, and Rejected of Men
He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrow, and acquainted with grief. T he heathen moralists, ignorant of the character and perfections of God, the true dignity and immorality of the soul, and the root and extent of human depravity, had no better foundation, for what they call virtue, than pride; no higher aim in their regulations, than the interests of society, and the conduct of civil life. They expressed, indeed, occasionally, some sentiments of a superior kind; but these, however just
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Sin Charged Upon the Surety
All we like sheep have gone astray: we have turned every one to his own way, and the LORD hath laid upon Him the iniquity of us all. C omparisons, in the Scripture, are frequently to be understood with great limitation: perhaps, out of many circumstances, only one is justly applicable to the case. Thus, when our Lord says, Behold, I come as a thief (Revelation 16:15) , --common sense will fix the resemblance to a single point, that He will come suddenly, and unexpectedly. So when wandering sinners
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Messiah's Innocence vindicated
He was taken from prison and from judgment, and who shall declare his generation? For he was cut off out of the land of the living; for the transgression of my people was he stricken. L et not plain Christians be stumbled because there are difficulties in the prophetical parts of the Scriptures, and because translators and expositors sometimes explain them with some difference, as to the sense. Whatever directly relates to our faith, practice, and comfort, may be plainly collected from innumerable
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Messiah Suffering and Wounded for Us
Surely He hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: ..... He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon Him; and with His stripes we are healed. W hen our Lord was transfigured, Moses and Elijah appeared in glory and conversed with Him. Had we been informed of the interview only, we should probably have desired to know the subject of their conversation, as we might reasonably suppose it turned upon very interesting and important
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

April the Second "On Him!"
"The Lord hath laid on Him the iniquity of us all." --ISAIAH liii. Let me tell a dream which was given by night to one of my dearest friends. He beheld a stupendous range of glorious sun-lit mountains, with their lower slopes enfolded in white mist. "Lord," he cried, "I pray that I may dwell upon those heights!" "Thou must first descend into the vale," a voice replied. Into the vale he went. And down there he found himself surrounded with all manner of fierce, ugly, loathsome things. As he looked
John Henry Jowett—My Daily Meditation for the Circling Year

Religion a Weariness to the Natural Man.
"He hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see Him, there is no beauty that we should desire Him."--Isaiah liii. 2. "Religion is a weariness;" such is the judgment commonly passed, often avowed, concerning the greatest of blessings which Almighty God has bestowed upon us. And when God gave the blessing, He at the same time foretold that such would be the judgment of the world upon it, even as manifested in the gracious Person of Him whom He sent to give it to us. "He hath no form nor
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VII

The Crucifixion.
"He was oppressed, and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth; He is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so He openeth not His mouth."--Isaiah liii. 7. St. Peter makes it almost a description of a Christian, that he loves Him whom he has not seen; speaking of Christ, he says, "whom having not seen, ye love; in whom, though now ye see Him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory." Again he speaks of "tasting that the
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VII

Of Justification by Christ
It has been objected by some, who dissent from, nay, I may add, by others also, who actually are friends to the present ecclesiastical establishment, that the ministers of the Church of England preach themselves, and not Christ Jesus the Lord; that they entertain their people with lectures of mere morality, without declaring to them the glad tidings of salvation by Jesus Christ. How well grounded such an objection may be, is not my business to inquire: All I shall say at present to the point is,
George Whitefield—Selected Sermons of George Whitefield

Expiation
Now, Jesus Christ has been made by God an offering for sin; and oh that to-night we may be able to do in reality what the Jew did in metaphor! May we put our hand upon the head of Christ Jesus; as we see him offered up upon the cross for guilty men, may we know that our sins are transferred to him, and may we be able to cry, in the ecstasy of faith, "Great God, I am clean; through Jesus' blood I am clean." I. In trying now to expound the doctrine of Christ's being an offering for sin, we will begin
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 10: 1864

Sin Laid on Jesus
I hear no dolorous wailings attending this confession of sin; for the next sentence makes it almost a song. "The Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all." It is the most grievous sentence of the three; but it is the most charming and the most full of comfort. Strange is it that where misery was concentrated mercy reigned, and where sorrow reached her climax there it is that a weary soul finds sweetest rest. The Savior bruised is the healing of bruised hearts. I want now to draw the hearts of
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 12: 1866

Our Expectation
But, my brothers, he is not dead. Some years ago, someone, wishing to mock our holy faith, brought out a handbill, which was plastered everywhere--"Can you trust in a dead man?" Our answer would have been, "No; nobody can trust in a man who is dead." But it was known by those who printed the bill that they were misrepresenting our faith. Jesus is no longer dead. He rose again the third day. We have sure and infallible proofs of it. It is an historical fact, better proved than almost any other which
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

The Death of Christ
Taking our text, then, as a guide, we propose to visit Calvary, hoping to have the help of the Holy Spirit whilst we look upon him who died upon the cross. I would have you notice this morning, first of all, the cause of Christ's death--"It pleased the Lord to bruise him." "It pleased Jehovah to bruise him," saith the original; "he hath put him to grief." Secondly, the reason of Christ's death--"When thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin." Christ died because he was an offering for sin. And
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 4: 1858

The Friend of Sinners
Our text, in its threefold character, shows the intimate connection which exists between Jesus and sinners, for in none of its sentences is there meaning unless there be a sinner, and unless Christ has come into connection with him. It is this one point which I want to work out this morning, and may God bless it to many a sinner's troubled conscience. "He was numbered with the transgressors; he bare the sin of many, and he made intercession for the transgressors." It is for transgressors all the
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 8: 1863

Eighteenth Day. Patience.
"He was brought as a lamb to the slaughter."--Isa. liii, 7. How great was the patience of Jesus! Even among His own disciples, how forbearingly He endured their blindness, their misconceptions and hardness of heart! Philip had been for three years with Him, yet he had "not known Him!"--all that time he had remained in strange and culpable ignorance of his Lord's dignity and glory. See how tenderly Jesus bears with him; giving him nothing in reply for his confession of ignorance but unparalleled
John R. Macduff—The Mind of Jesus

List of Authorities
CHIEFLY USED IN WRITING THIS BOOK. Alford: Greek Testament. Von der Alm: Heidn. u. jüd. Urtheile über Jesu u. die alten Christen. Altingius: Dissertationes et Orationes. Apocrypha: S.P.C.K. Commentary on. The Apocryphal Gospels. Auerbach: Berith Abraham. Bacher: Die Agada der Babylon. Amoräer. Bäck: Geschichte des Jüd. Volkes u.seiner Literatur. Baedeker: Syrien u. Palästina. Bähr: Gesetz über Falsche Zeugen nach Bible u. Talmud. Barclay: City of the Great
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

What Messiah did the Jews Expect?
1. The most important point here is to keep in mind the organic unity of the Old Testament. Its predictions are not isolated, but features of one grand prophetic picture; its ritual and institutions parts of one great system; its history, not loosely connected events, but an organic development tending towards a definite end. Viewed in its innermost substance, the history of the Old Testament is not different from its typical institutions, nor yet these two from its predictions. The idea, underlying
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Consolations against Impatience in Sickness.
If in thy sickness by extremity of pain thou be driven to impatience, meditate-- 1. That thy sins have deserved the pains of hell; therefore thou mayest with greater patience endure these fatherly corrections. 2. That these are the scourges of thy heavenly Father, and the rod is in his hand. If thou didst suffer with reverence, being a child, the corrections of thy earthly parents, how much rather shouldst thou now subject thyself, being the child of God, to the chastisement of thy heavenly Father,
Lewis Bayly—The Practice of Piety

Believe and be Saved
It is the Holy Spirit alone that can draw us to the cross and fasten us to the Saviour. He who thinks he can do without the Spirit, has yet to learn his own sinfulness and helplessness. The gospel would be no good news to the dead in sin, if it did not tell of the love and power of the divine Spirit, as explicitly as it announces the love and power of the divine Substitute. But, while keeping this in mind, we may try to learn from Scripture what is written concerning the bond which connects us individually
Horatius Bangs, D.D.—God's Way of Peace

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